science

Stemme S10

Stemme S10 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Stemme S10 rather than just read about it. In short: The Stemme S10 is a self-launching sailplane produced by Stemme AG in Strausberg (Germany) since the 1980s. The engine is mounted amidships and it features an unusual folding propeller which is stowed inside the aircraft's nose-cone when the engine is not in use.

Key takeaways

Stemme S10 belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Stemme S10 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Stemme S10 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Stemme S10 is a self-launching sailplane produced by Stemme AG in Strausberg (Germany) since the 1980s. The engine is mounted amidships and it features an unusual folding propeller which is stowed inside the aircraft's nose-cone when the engine is not in use.

Design and development The Stemme S10 also has several unusual features such as a tailwheel undercarriage and a side-by-side cockpit. It does not have a tow hook connection so it must self-launch. The two main wheels retract and lower electrically, though they can also be lowered manually if needed. There is an option to fold wings to reduce hangar span to 11.4 m (37 ft 5 in). The engine restart time is 5 seconds. A solar panel can provide additional electrical power during long flights. It has a steerable tailwheel, Schempp-Hirth spoilers and optional winglets. The current variant, the S10-VT, has a variable-pitch propeller which allows more power during take off, and a new turbocharged Bombardier Rotax 914F engine in place of the earlier Limbach L2400. Most parts are made in Poland, but future production will be handled by Remos Aircraft. First seen at the 1996 Berlin Air Show, the S15 variant has a span reduced to 20.0 m (65 ft 7 in) and has two underwing hardpoints for scientific or surveillance sensor pods. There is also an unpiloted version, the S-UAV, again intended for surveillance.

Operational history

Atmospheric measurements were made with S10 VT during the Mountain Wave Project (MWP) Expedition Argentina'99 1,550 km (963 mi) record flight to Tierra del Fuego and during Expedition Mendoza 2006, when scientific measurements of atmospheric turbulence were made up to 12,500 m (41,010 ft) around and over the highest mountain of the Americas, Aconcagua. An S10 was flown by Klaus Ohlmann as a pure glider for a record distance of 2,463 km (1,530 mi) , in a 14-hour flight. For the MWP Himalaya research mission in 2013/2014, the expedition leader chose a Stemme S10 VTX from FH Aachen to map the glacier areas of the Annapurna-Mount Everest region for the first time and to research the mountain wind systems. The Deutsche Welle TV science documentary ‘From Strausberg to Mount Everest’ demonstrates the wide range of capabilities of the Stemme S10 for scientific measurement campaigns.

Two examples were used by the United States Air Force Academy between 1995 and 2002 under the designation TG-11A. In December 2017, the Colombian Air Force received two Stemme S10 VTs for training purposes.

Variants S10 Standard production variant. S10V Variable pitch prop variant.

S10VC Surveillance variant with underwing sensor pods. S10-VT 115hp Turbocharged Rotax 914F power. TG-11A S10s operated by the U.S. Air Force Academy

Specifications (S 10-VT)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004.General characteristics Crew: 1 pilot Capacity: 1 passenger Length: 8.42 m (27 ft 7 in) Wingspan: 23.00 m (75 ft 6 in) (excluding winglets) Height: 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Wing area: 18.70 m2 (201 sq ft) Aspect ratio: 28.3 Empty weight: 645 kg (1,422 lb) Gross weight: 850 kg (1,874 lb) Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 914 F2/S1 turbocharged flat-four engine, 84.6 kW (113 hp) Propellers: 2-bladed Performance

Cruise speed: 259 km/h (161 mph, 140 kn) Stall speed: 78 km/h (48 mph, 42 kn) Never exceed speed: 270 km/h (168 mph, 146 kn) Range: 1,730 km (1,075 mi, 934 nmi) (maximum fuel) Service ceiling: 9,140 m (30,000 ft) g limits: +5.3/-2.65 Maximum glide ratio: 50 Rate of climb: 4.0 m/s (790 ft/min) Rate of sink: 0.57 m/s (112 ft/min)

References

External links

Manufacturer's website USAF AETC website Mountain Wave Project website with FAI-world records - S10 VT

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Stemme S10

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Stemme S10 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Stemme S10 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Stemme S10 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Stemme S10

In research: Stemme S10 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Stemme S10 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Stemme S10 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1980s German sailplanes, Aircraft first flown in 1986, High-wing aircraft, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Stemme S10 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Stemme S10 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Stemme S10 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Stemme S10 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Stemme S10 in simple terms?

Why does Stemme S10 matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Stemme S10?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Stemme S10.