science

Strati (automobile)

Strati (automobile) is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Strati (automobile) rather than just read about it. In short: Strati is the world's first 3D printed car. It is an electric car developed and produced by Local Motors and manufactured in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Cincinnati Incorporated.

Key takeaways

Strati (automobile) belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Strati (automobile) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Strati (automobile) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Strati is the world's first 3D printed car. It is an electric car developed and produced by Local Motors and manufactured in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Cincinnati Incorporated. It is the world's first electric car to heavily utilize 3D printing during the production process. The car was manufactured using a Large Scale 3D Printer developed by ORNL and Cincinnati Inc. The car took just 44 hours to print during the 2014 International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago, Illinois. The printing was followed by three days of milling and assembling, with the completed car first test-driven on September 13, 2014. Strati is claimed to be the world's first 3D-Printed electric car.

Design In April 2014, Local Motors organized the 3D Printed Car Design Challenge crowdsourcing to assist in the production of a full-body 3D-printed car. Seven finalists were selected from more than 200 submissions. In June 2014, Local Motors announced that the challenge was won by Michele Anoé of Italy, who was awarded the $5,000 prize. After the contest, Local Motors took the design and made several modifications so that the car could be manufactured through 3D-Printing.

Specifications The two-seat Strati is considered to be a "neighborhood" electric car. Depending on the configuration of the battery packs, the range of the car can be 100 to 120 mi (160 to 190 km) with top speeds of 40 mph (64 km/h). The car is not designed to be used on highways, as it does not meet the required safety test requirements. Production is planned by the end of 2015, with prices between $18,000 and $30,000.

Manufacturing

Following the design competition, Local Motors handed off the design to the engineers at ORNL who perfected the process of Large Scale 3D Printing such that the Local Motors design could actually be manufactured. ORNL worked with Cincinnati Incorporated to develop the printer that would allow for the printing of the entire car. With the printer, ORNL and Cincinnati Inc. manufactured all body parts of the car and allowed for easy mounting of the mechanical parts, such as the electric motors and batteries. Strati is printed from thermoplastic using a big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) machine (a large FDM 3D-printer). This material is fully recyclable, which can be chopped and reprocessed to be used in printing another car. After the car is printed, the mechanical and electrical parts such as battery, motors, and suspension are manually assembled. The printing process has been improved by ORNL since July 2014, bringing the printing time of 140 hours down to less than 45 hours in September. Since IMTS, ORNL has brought the printing time of the Strati to less than 24 hours and is continuing their research efforts with the hope of printing the car in less than 10 hours.

The world's first title Disputes exist over the title of the world's first 3D-printed car. In 2010, a hybrid car "Urbee" was 3D-printed using an additive manufacturing process for the entire body. Local Motors claimed that Urbee's manufacturer only 3D-printed the panels and other exterior parts, but used standard parts for the internal structure. For Strati, the company claimed that 3D printing was used for all except the parts that are "mechanically involved". Strati claims to be the world's first 3D-printed electric car.

References

External links

Local Motors Website Cincinnati Incorporated

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Strati (automobile)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Strati (automobile) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Strati (automobile) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Strati (automobile) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Strati (automobile)

In research: Strati (automobile) appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Strati (automobile) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Strati (automobile) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 3D printed objects, Cars introduced in 2014, Cars of the United States, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Strati (automobile) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Strati (automobile) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Strati (automobile) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Strati (automobile) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Strati (automobile) in simple terms?

Why does Strati (automobile) matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Strati (automobile)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Strati (automobile).