In Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice, a strong partition cardinal is an uncountable well-ordered cardinal k {\displaystyle k} such that every partition of the set [ k ] k {\displaystyle [k]^{k}} of size k {\displaystyle k} subsets of k {\displaystyle k} into less than k {\displaystyle k} pieces has a homogeneous set of size k {\displaystyle k} . The existence of strong partition cardinals contradicts the axiom of choice. The axiom of determinacy implies that ℵ1 is a strong partition cardinal.
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