biology

Stropharia rugosoannulata

Stropharia rugosoannulata is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Stropharia rugosoannulata rather than just read about it. In short: Stropharia rugosoannulata, commonly known as the wine cap, wine-red stropharia, wine cap stropharia, garden giant, burgundy mushroom, or king stropharia, is a species of agaric mushroom in the family Strophariaceae found in North America. It is regarded as a choice edible.

Key takeaways

Stropharia rugosoannulata belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Stropharia rugosoannulata to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Stropharia rugosoannulata from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Stropharia rugosoannulata, commonly known as the wine cap, wine-red stropharia, wine cap stropharia, garden giant, burgundy mushroom, or king stropharia, is a species of agaric mushroom in the family Strophariaceae found in North America. It is regarded as a choice edible.

Etymology The specific epithet, which means "wrinkled-ringed", is a reference to the wrinkled annulus of the fruiting body.

Description The mushroom can grow to 20 centimetres (8 inches) high with a reddish-brown convex to flattening cap up to 30 cm (12 in) across, the size leading to another colloquial name godzilla mushroom. The gills are typically adnate, initially pale, then grey and finally dark purple-brown in colour. The spore print is dark purple-brown to black. The firm flesh is white, as is the tall stem, which bears a wrinkled ring.

Similar species It can resemble some members of its genus, such as S. hornemannii, as well as Agaricus (the gills of which are usually more pink).

Distribution and habitat The species is found on wood chips across North America in summer and autumn. It is also found in Europe, and has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand.

Ecology Paul Stamets's book Mycelium Running cites a study by Christiane Pischl showing that the species makes an excellent garden companion to corn. The fungus also has a history of being grown with corn in Europe. A 2006 study, published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, found the species to have the ability to attack the nematode Panagrellus redivivus; the fungus produces spiny cells called acanthocytes, which are able to immobilise and digest the nematodes.

Uses Described as a very tasty edible mushroom by some authors, it is easily cultivated on a medium similar to that on which it grows naturally. Antonio Carluccio recommends sautéeing them in butter or grilling them.

References

Further reading Zadrazil, Frantisek and Joachim Schliemann: "Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie und Anbautechnik von Stropharia rugosoannulata (Farlow ex Murr.)" in: Der Champignon Nr.163, March 1975

External links Media related to Stropharia rugosoannulata at Wikimedia Commons

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Stropharia rugosoannulata

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Stropharia rugosoannulata claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Stropharia rugosoannulata before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Stropharia rugosoannulata ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Stropharia rugosoannulata

In research: Stropharia rugosoannulata appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Stropharia rugosoannulata in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Stropharia rugosoannulata is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Carnivorous fungi, Edible fungi, Fungal pest control agents, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Stropharia rugosoannulata outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Stropharia rugosoannulata in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Stropharia rugosoannulata means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Stropharia rugosoannulata out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Stropharia rugosoannulata in simple terms?

Why does Stropharia rugosoannulata matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Stropharia rugosoannulata?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Stropharia rugosoannulata.