biology

Stuart A. Aaronson

Stuart A. Aaronson is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Stuart A. Aaronson rather than just read about it. In short: Stuart A. Aaronson (born February 28, 1942) is an American author and cancer biologist.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Stuart A. Aaronson (born February 28, 1942) is an American author and cancer biologist. He was the Jane B. and Jack R. Aron Professor of Neoplastic Diseases and Chairman of Oncological Sciences at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York.

Biography Aaronson graduated summa cum laude from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1962, with a degree in chemistry. He earned his M.D. from the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center in 1966, and completed a fellowship at the University of Cambridge in England and an internship in medicine at Moffitt Hospital in San Francisco. In 1967, Aaronson joined the National Institutes of Health as a Senior Staff Fellow. He headed the Molecular Biology Section of the Viral Carcinogenesis Branch from 1970 until 1977, after which he became Chief of the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology at the National Cancer Institute, until 1993, when he was named Chairman of Oncological Sciences at The Mount Sinai Hospital.

Research Aaronson's early research established the transformation-competent but replication-defective nature of mammalian sarcoma viruses and molecularly cloned many of their oncogenes. His investigations of the v-sis oncogene established the first normal function of an oncogene and its role in growth factor signaling. His discovery of erbB2 as a v-erbB-related gene amplified in a human breast carcinoma and the demonstration of its transforming properties paved the way for targeted therapies directed against its product, and his successful isolation of KGF (FGF7), a growth factor present in the epithelialization-phase of wound healing, led to Amgen's successful phase III clinical trial and FDA approval of KGF for treatment of mucositis. Current research includes investigations into the mechanisms by which tumor suppressor genes induce permanent growth arrest/senescence, the signaling pathways involved, and investigations of the autocrine and paracrine acting growth factors PDGF, KGF, HGF, and Wnt ligands. To date, three papers on which Aaronson is author have been retracted, and two papers which he authored have received expressions of concern.

Publications Partial list:

Asciutti S, Akiri G, Grumolato L, Vijayakumar S, Aaronson S (2011). "Diverse mechanisms of Wnt activation and effects of pathway inhibition on proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells". Oncogene. 30 (8): 956–966. doi:10.1038/onc.2010.475. PMC 3965355. PMID 21042278. Akiri G, Cherian M, Vijayakumar S, Liu G, Bafico A, Aaronson S (2009). "Wnt pathway aberrations including autocrine Wnt activation occur at high frequency in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma". Oncogene. 28 (21): 2163–2172. doi:10.1038/onc.2009.82. PMC 4451819. PMID 19377513. Liu G, Grumolato L, Arroyave R, Qiao H, Akiri G, Aaronson S (April 2009). "Canonical Wnts function as potent regulators of osteogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells". Journal of Cell Biology. 185 (1): 67–75. doi:10.1083/jcb.200810137. PMC 2700509. PMID 19349579. Zhao B, Benson E, Qiao R, Wang X, Kim S, Manfredi J, Lee S, Aaronson S (2009). "Cellular senescence and organismal ageing in the absence of p21 CIP1/WAF1 in ku80-/-mice". The EMBO Journal. 10 (1): 71–78. doi:10.1038/embor.2008.220. PMC 2613205. PMID 19079133. Ongusaha PP, Qi HH, Raj L, Kim YB, Aaronson SA, Davis R, Shi Y, Liao J, Lee SW (2008). "Identification of ROCK1 as an Upstream Activator of the JIP-3 to JNK Signaling Axis in Response to UVB Damage". Sci Signal. 1 (47): 14. doi:10.1126/scisignal.1161938. PMC 2649725. PMID 19036714. Munoz-Fontella C, Macip S, Martinez-Sobrido L, Brown L, Ashour J, Garcia-Sastre A, Lee SW, Aaronson SA (2008). "Transcriptional role of p53 in Interferon-mediated antiviral immunity" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Medicine. 205 (8): 1–10. doi:10.1084/jem.20080383. PMC 2525597. PMID 18663127. Mahale A, Khan Z, Igarashi M, Nanjangud G, Qiao RF, Yao S, Lee SW, Aaronson SA (2008). "Clonal Selection in Malignant Transformation of Human Fibroblasts Transduces with Defined Cellular Oncogenes". Cancer Research. 68 (5): 1417–1426. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-3021. PMID 18316605. Brown L, Ongusaha P, Kim H, Nuti S, Mandinova A, Lee J, Khosravi-Far R, Aaronson SA, Lee S, et al. (2007). "CDIP, a novel pro-apoptotic gene, regulates TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner". The EMBO Journal. 26 (14): 3410–3422. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601779. PMC 1933410. PMID 17599062. Das S, Raj L, Zhao B, Bernstein A, Aaronson SA, Lee SA (2007). "Hzf, a key modulator of p53 mediated transcription, functions as a critical determinant of cell survival and death upon genotoxic stress". Cell. 130 (4): 624–637. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.013. PMC 2779720. PMID 17719541.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Stuart A. Aaronson

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Stuart A. Aaronson claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Stuart A. Aaronson before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Stuart A. Aaronson ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Stuart A. Aaronson

In research: Stuart A. Aaronson appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Stuart A. Aaronson in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Stuart A. Aaronson is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1942 births, American oncologists, Cancer researchers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Stuart A. Aaronson outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Stuart A. Aaronson in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is Stuart A. Aaronson in simple terms?

Stuart A. Aaronson (born February 28, 1942) is an American author and cancer biologist.

Why does Stuart A. Aaronson matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Stuart A. Aaronson?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Stuart A. Aaronson.