science

Sulbactam/durlobactam

Sulbactam/durlobactam is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Sulbactam/durlobactam rather than just read about it. In short: Sulbactam/durlobactam, sold under the brand name Xacduro (by Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics), is a co-packaged medication used for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. It contains sulbactam, a beta-lactam antibacterial and beta-lactamase inhibitor; and durlobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor.

Key takeaways

Sulbactam/durlobactam belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Sulbactam/durlobactam to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Sulbactam/durlobactam from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Sulbactam/durlobactam, sold under the brand name Xacduro (by Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics), is a co-packaged medication used for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. It contains sulbactam, a beta-lactam antibacterial and beta-lactamase inhibitor; and durlobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Sulbactam/durlobactam was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2023.

Medical uses Sulbactam/durlobactam is indicated for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, caused by susceptible isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex.

History The efficacy of sulbactam/durlobactam was established in a multicenter, active-controlled, open-label (investigator-unblinded, assessor-blinded), non-inferiority clinical trial in 177 hospitalized adults with pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Participants received either sulbactam/durlobactam or colistin (a comparator antibiotic) for up to 14 days. Both treatment arms also received an additional antibiotic, imipenem/cilastatin, as background therapy for potential hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia pathogens other than Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. The primary measure of efficacy was mortality from all causes within 28 days of treatment in participants with a confirmed infection with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Of those who received sulbactam/durlobactam, 19% (12 of 63 participants) died, compared to 32% (20 of 62 participants) who received colistin; this demonstrated that sulbactam/durlobactam was noninferior to colistin.

Resistances Overall, 2.3% of Acinetobacter baumannii strains are resistant to sulbactam/durlobactam. This percentage increases to 3.4% and 3.7% in the subgroups of carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant Acinetobacter, respectively. In Acinetobacter strains producing metallo-beta-lactamases, sulbactam/durlobactam resistance is 100%.

Society and culture

Legal status Sulbactam/durlobactam was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2023. The FDA granted the application for sulbactam/durlobactam fast track and priority review designations.

References

External links Clinical trial number NCT03894046 for "Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Sulbactam-ETX2514 in the Treatment of Patients With Infections Caused by Acinetobacter Baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex (ATTACK)" at ClinicalTrials.gov

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Sulbactam/durlobactam

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Sulbactam/durlobactam claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Sulbactam/durlobactam before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Sulbactam/durlobactam ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Sulbactam/durlobactam

In research: Sulbactam/durlobactam appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Sulbactam/durlobactam in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Sulbactam/durlobactam is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Antibiotic stubs, Beta-lactamase inhibitors, Combination antibiotics, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Sulbactam/durlobactam outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Sulbactam/durlobactam in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Sulbactam/durlobactam means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Sulbactam/durlobactam out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Sulbactam/durlobactam in simple terms?

Why does Sulbactam/durlobactam matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Sulbactam/durlobactam?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Sulbactam/durlobactam.