earth science

Sundvollen Formation

Sundvollen Formation is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Sundvollen Formation rather than just read about it. In short: The Sundvollen Formation is a geologic formation cropping out along the northern and eastern shores of Steinsfjorden, Oslo Region, Norway. It preserves fossils dating back to the Gorstian to Ludfordian stages (Rootsiküla in the regional stratigraphy) of the Late Silurian period.

Key takeaways

Sundvollen Formation belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Sundvollen Formation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Sundvollen Formation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Sundvollen Formation is a geologic formation cropping out along the northern and eastern shores of Steinsfjorden, Oslo Region, Norway. It preserves fossils dating back to the Gorstian to Ludfordian stages (Rootsiküla in the regional stratigraphy) of the Late Silurian period.

Description The formation belongs to the Ringerike Group, overlies the Steinsfjorden Formation and is overlain by the Stubdal Formation. The fish assemblage originates from a horizon with fine-grained, dark greyish-green sandstone from the lowermost part of the formation. The formation comprises dark-grey siltstones associated with red sandstones and siltstones, with ripple marks, cross-laminations, and crack diapirs, and pseudo-nodules, carbonate concretions. The sequence is fining upwards in cyclothems. Tracks attributed to eurypterids have been found in the red siltstone. Turner (1974) interprets the Sundvollen Formation as representing meandering, braided streams on an alluvial, coastal plain, very close to sea level because of the minor marine incursions found). Boucot and Janis (1983) interpreted the environment to be possibly brackish-estuarine.

Fossil content The following fossils have been reported from the formation:

Fish

Eurypterids

Invertebrates Crustaceans Phyllocarida indet. Chasmataspidids Kiaeria limuloides Xiphosura Xiphosurida indet. Bunodes sp.

Flora Plantae indet. Dictyocaris slimoni.

Correlations The Sundvollen Formation correlates with the lower part of the Store Arøya Formation.

See also List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Norway

References

Bibliography Bremer, Oskar; Turner, Susan; Märss, Tiiu; Blom, Henning (2019), "Silurian vertebrate remains from the Oslo Region, Norway, and their implications for regional biostratigraphy", Norwegian Journal of Geology, 99: 129–155, doi:10.17850/njg99-1-07 Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Baarli, B. G.; Keilen, H. B.; Johnson, M. E. (1999), Silurian communities of the Oslo Region, Norway, in A. J. Boucot, J. D. Lawson (eds.), Paleocommunities - a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian, pp. 327–349 Plotnick, R. E (1999), Habitat of Llandoverian-Lochkovian eurypterids, in A. J. Boucot, J. D. Lawson (eds.), Paleocommunities - a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian, pp. 106–136

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Sundvollen Formation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Sundvollen Formation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Sundvollen Formation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Sundvollen Formation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Sundvollen Formation

In research: Sundvollen Formation appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Sundvollen Formation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Sundvollen Formation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Fluvial deposits, Geography of Oslo, Geologic formations of Norway, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Sundvollen Formation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Sundvollen Formation in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Sundvollen Formation means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Sundvollen Formation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Sundvollen Formation in simple terms?

Why does Sundvollen Formation matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Sundvollen Formation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Sundvollen Formation.