earth science

Süntel Formation

Süntel Formation is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Süntel Formation rather than just read about it. In short: The Süntel Formation, previously known as the Kimmeridge Formation (German: "Mittlerer Kimmeridge"; Middle Kimmeridge), is a geological formation in Germany. It is Late Jurassic in age, spanning the early to late Kimmeridgian stage.

Key takeaways

Süntel Formation belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Süntel Formation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Süntel Formation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Süntel Formation, previously known as the Kimmeridge Formation (German: "Mittlerer Kimmeridge"; Middle Kimmeridge), is a geological formation in Germany. It is Late Jurassic in age, spanning the early to late Kimmeridgian stage. It predominantly consists of limestone deposited in shallow marine carbonate ramp conditions.

Description

The formation is part of the Lower Saxony Basin that borders the Süntel massif of the Lower Saxon Hills, part of the larger Harz Mountains. The formation is described as alternations of glauconitic marl, limestone and sandstone.

Paleontological significance The formation is known for its fossils, with the Langenberg Quarry having provided fossils of numerous vertebrates.

Dinosaurs

Turtles

Squamates

Pterosaurs

Crocodyliformes

Mammaliaforms

Ichnofossils

See also List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany

References

Bibliography Bai, Hua-Qing; Betzler, Christian; Erbacher, Jochen; Reolid, Jesús; Zuo, Fanfan (2017). "Sequence stratigraphy of Upper Jurassic deposits in the North German Basin (Lower Saxony, Süntel Mountains)". Facies. 63 (3) 19. Bibcode:2017Faci...63...19B. doi:10.1007/s10347-017-0501-4. S2CID 135060170. Lallensack, Jens N.; Sander, P. Martin; Knötschke, Nils; Wings, Oliver (2015). "Dinosaur tracks from the Langenberg Quarry (Late Jurassic, Germany) reconstructed with historical photogrammetry: Evidence for large theropods soon after insular dwarfism" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 18. Retrieved 2020-09-07. Diedrich, C (2011). "Upper Jurassic tidal flat megatracksites of Germany - coastal dinosaur migration highways between European islands, and a review of the dinosaur footprints". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 91 (2): 129–155. Bibcode:2011PdPe...91..129D. doi:10.1007/s12549-010-0044-y. S2CID 140604517.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Süntel Formation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Süntel Formation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Süntel Formation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Süntel Formation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Süntel Formation

In research: Süntel Formation appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Süntel Formation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Süntel Formation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Europe, Geologic formations of Germany, Ichnofossiliferous formations, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Süntel Formation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Süntel Formation in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Süntel Formation means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Süntel Formation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Süntel Formation in simple terms?

Why does Süntel Formation matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Süntel Formation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Süntel Formation.