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TMEM144

TMEM144 is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand TMEM144 rather than just read about it. In short: Transmembrane Protein 144 (TMEM144) is a protein in humans encoded by the TMEM144 gene. Gene Transmembrane Protein 144 is located on the plus strand of chromosome 4 (4q32.1), spanning a total of 40,857 base pairs.

TMEM144 — main illustration
TMEM144 — illustration

Key takeaways

  • TMEM144 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect TMEM144 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of TMEM144 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Transmembrane Protein 144 (TMEM144) is a protein in humans encoded by the TMEM144 gene.

Gene Transmembrane Protein 144 is located on the plus strand of chromosome 4 (4q32.1), spanning a total of 40,857 base pairs. The TMEM144 gene transcribes a mRNA sequence 3,210 nucleotides in length and composed of 13 exons.

Protein There exist two isoforms of human Transmembrane Protein 144. Isoform one consist of 345 amino acids with a total mass of 37.6 kDa. This isoform has a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.63. The second isoform is 169 amino acids long with a mass of 18.3 kDa.

Expression TMEM144 is over-expressed in adult brain tissue with low regional specificity. TMEM144 appears enriched in oligodendrocytes and immune cells, such as dendritic cells and monocytes.

Cellular Localization Precise cell localization has multiple predicted locations. Localization tools state TMEM144 is likely found in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosome/Vacuole, or Golgi apparatus. However, an immunofluorescent staining of various human cell lines display localization to the mitochondria.

Post Translational Modifications There exists five predicted post translational modifications for TMEM144, including four sites of phosphorylation and a sumoylation site.

Interacting Proteins Several proteins have been observed to be physically associated with TMEM144, including Transmembrane Protein 237, Homocysteine-Responsive Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident Ubiquitin-Like Domain Member 2 Protein, Translocase of Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Domain-Containing Protein 1, Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2, Aquaporin 6, Serine Rich Single-Pass Membrane Protein 1, and Adrenoceptor Beta 2.

Homology Transmembrane Protein 144 arose approximately 694 million years ago in desert locust. It can be found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. It takes TMEM144 approximately 6.8 million years to make a 1% change to its amino acid sequence, indicating a moderately low rate of evolution.

Ortholog Table

Clinical Significance Transmembrane Protein 144 is predicted to be a direct or indirect negative regulator of kisspeptin. High expression of TMEM144 is prognostically favorable for patient with endometrial cancer. Whereas in patients with pancreatic cancer, high expression of TMEM144 is associated with poor prognostic outcomes.

References

Illustrations

TMEM144: Conceptual translation of Transmembrane Protein 144 mRNA transcript sequence with peptide sequence. DNA annotations mark an upstream in-frame stop codon, start codon, exon borders, stop codon, polyadenylation signals, and polyadenylation sites. Protein annotations mark the ten transmembrane domain regions, internal repeats, and the region of the protein excluded from the second isoform. Amino acids conserved in distant orthologs are bolded.
Conceptual translation of Transmembrane Protein 144 mRNA transcript sequence with peptide sequence. DNA annotations mark an upstream in-frame stop codon, start codon, exon borders, stop codon, polyadenylation signals, and polyadenylation sites. Protein annotations mark the ten transmembrane domain regions, internal repeats, and the region of the protein excluded from the second isoform. Amino acids conserved in distant orthologs are bolded.
TMEM144: Predicted tertiary structure of human transmembrane protein 144. Regions of dark blue are very high confidence, light blue regions are confident, yellow regions are low confidence, and orange regions are very low confidence.
Predicted tertiary structure of human transmembrane protein 144. Regions of dark blue are very high confidence, light blue regions are confident, yellow regions are low confidence, and orange regions are very low confidence.
TMEM144: Transmembrane Protein 144 schematic with transmembrane domains and predicted post translational modifications. P indicates predicted sites of phosphorylation. SUMO indicates a predicted sumoylation site.
Transmembrane Protein 144 schematic with transmembrane domains and predicted post translational modifications. P indicates predicted sites of phosphorylation. SUMO indicates a predicted sumoylation site.
TMEM144: Multiple sequence alignment of human Transmembrane Protein 144 with vertebrate orthologs. Some amino acids in the ortholog sequences were cut out at the N-terminus. Amino acids are highlighted by shared properties and structure. Consensus sequences denote highly conserved amino acids with a capital letter, moderately conserved amino acids with a lowercase letter, and low conservation with a dot. A plus or minus symbol in the consensus sequence indicates conserved basic (+) or acidic (-) properties. Transmembrane regions are boxed in orange and exon boundaries are marked in pink.
Multiple sequence alignment of human Transmembrane Protein 144 with vertebrate orthologs. Some amino acids in the ortholog sequences were cut out at the N-terminus. Amino acids are highlighted by shared properties and structure. Consensus sequences denote highly conserved amino acids with a capital letter, moderately conserved amino acids with a lowercase letter, and low conservation with a dot. A plus or minus symbol in the consensus sequence indicates conserved basic (+) or acidic (-) properties. Transmembrane regions are boxed in orange and exon boundaries are marked in pink.
TMEM144: Multiple sequence alignment of human Transmembrane Protein 144 to invertebrate orthologs. Consensus sequences denote highly conserved amino acids with a capital letter, moderately conserved amino acids with a lowercase letter, and low conservation with a dot. A plus or minus symbol in the consensus sequence indicates conserved basic (+) or acidic (-) properties. Transmembrane regions are boxed in orange and exon boundaries are marked in pink.
Multiple sequence alignment of human Transmembrane Protein 144 to invertebrate orthologs. Consensus sequences denote highly conserved amino acids with a capital letter, moderately conserved amino acids with a lowercase letter, and low conservation with a dot. A plus or minus symbol in the consensus sequence indicates conserved basic (+) or acidic (-) properties. Transmembrane regions are boxed in orange and exon boundaries are marked in pink.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with TMEM144

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what TMEM144 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to TMEM144 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about TMEM144 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of TMEM144

In research
TMEM144 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses TMEM144 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
TMEM144 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Genes on human chromosome 4, Proteins, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for TMEM144 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study TMEM144 in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what TMEM144 means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain TMEM144 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is TMEM144 in simple terms?

Transmembrane Protein 144 (TMEM144) is a protein in humans encoded by the TMEM144 gene. Gene Transmembrane Protein 144 is located on the plus strand of chromosome 4 (4q32.1), spanning a total of 40,857 base pairs.

Why does TMEM144 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study TMEM144?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on TMEM144.

Tags

  • Genes on human chromosome 4
  • Proteins

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