biology

TMEM229B

TMEM229B is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand TMEM229B rather than just read about it. In short: Transmembrane protein 229b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM229b gene. Nomenclature The TMEM229B gene is also known as C14orf83, FLJ33387, Q8NBD8, Hs.509707, Hs.712258, IPR010540, and CN083_HUMAN.

Key takeaways

TMEM229B belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect TMEM229B to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of TMEM229B from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Transmembrane protein 229b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM229b gene.

Nomenclature The TMEM229B gene is also known as C14orf83, FLJ33387, Q8NBD8, Hs.509707, Hs.712258, IPR010540, and CN083_HUMAN.

Gene The TMEM229B gene is located on the sense strand (-) of chromosome 14 at location 14q24.1 and spans the chromosomal locus 67,936,983—67,982,021. Covering a total of 45,038 base pairs (bp) along the chromosome, the TMEM229B gene has a total of 3 exons in its primary unspliced transcript mRNA of 4,068 bp. There are a total of 7 transcript variants for TMEM229B ranging in mRNA size from 519 bp to 5008 bp. The TMEM229B gene is flanked by phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor class H (PIGH), a protein associated with the endoplasmic reticulum specifically GPI-anchor biosynthesis, and PLEK2 on its left. See Figure 1.0. The gene is highly conserved in vertebrates, including portions of the approximately 3,000 base pairs of 3'UTR.

Tissue distribution Expressed sequence tag mapping of TMEM229B gene expression indicates that it is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. TMEM229B is more heavily expressed in the parathyroid, skin, and thyroid tissues, and moderately expressed in bone marrow, trachea, spleen, eye, brain, pancreas, mammary gland, intestine, liver, thymus, lymph node, ovarian, muscle, lung, blood, and kidney tissues.

Protein The translated TMEM229B protein is a total of 167 amino acids long, with a predicted molecular weight of 19,531 daltons. The TMEM229B protein contains a domain of unknown function, part of the domain family DUF1113, spanning from amino acids 87 to 135. Based on predicted structure TMEM229b is highly resemblant of a connexin subunit. A highly conserved phosphorylation site exists at the Threonine-139 position. See multiple sequence alignment below.

Clinical relevance Expression of the TMEM229B gene increases in several disease states including amelanotic skin melanoma, B-cell neoplasm, breast carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, carcinoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, esophageal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, glioblastoma, liver carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, thyroid carcinoma and Wilms' tumor as found in several microarray experiments. Over-expression of the TMEM229B gene has not been linked as a causal factor in any of these disease states.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with TMEM229B

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what TMEM229B claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to TMEM229B before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about TMEM229B ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of TMEM229B

In research: TMEM229B appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses TMEM229B in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: TMEM229B is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Genes on human chromosome 14, Human genes, Proteins, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for TMEM229B outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study TMEM229B in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what TMEM229B means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain TMEM229B out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is TMEM229B in simple terms?

Transmembrane protein 229b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM229b gene. Nomenclature The TMEM229B gene is also known as C14orf83, FLJ33387, Q8NBD8, Hs.509707, Hs.712258, IPR010540, and CN083_HUMAN.

Why does TMEM229B matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study TMEM229B?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on TMEM229B.