science

TOMA (vehicle)

TOMA (vehicle) is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand TOMA (vehicle) rather than just read about it. In short: The TOMA (Turkish: Toplumsal Olaylara Müdahale Aracı, lit. 'Intervention Vehicle Against Social Incidents') is an armored water cannon designed for riot control by Turkish companies Otokar, BMC, Katmerciler, Moğol Makina and Nurol Makina. TOMAs are primarily operated by the Turkish National Police and the Turkish Gendarmerie.

Key takeaways

TOMA (vehicle) belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect TOMA (vehicle) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of TOMA (vehicle) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The TOMA (Turkish: Toplumsal Olaylara Müdahale Aracı, lit. 'Intervention Vehicle Against Social Incidents') is an armored water cannon designed for riot control by Turkish companies Otokar, BMC, Katmerciler, Moğol Makina and Nurol Makina. TOMAs are primarily operated by the Turkish National Police and the Turkish Gendarmerie. Following the Gezi Park protests, the Turkish government ordered a total of 73 TOMAs between 2013 and 2014, deploying them to Istanbul, Ankara and southeast Turkey. Following their use by Turkish police in crackdowns on protests in Gezi Park, the TOMA received new export orders to countries such as Brazil, Chile, Kuwait, Libya and Senegal.

Technical specifications

TOMAs can be built onto a range of Mercedes-Benz and Iveco truck chassis configurations, and can reach a top speed of 100 km/h. The heavy armor protects the cab, engine and weapons systems of the TOMA from rioters and gunfire, while also allowing it to achieve a 30% gradient climbing capability. Fire extinguishers are provided to put out fires in both the road and the vehicle, and the crew are protected against tear gas and other irritants breaching the cab. The TOMA is primarily equipped with a computer-controlled water cannon system, firing pressurised water from two nozzles, with a water tank capacity of up to 10,000 litres (2,600 US gal) that can be filled with water from wells and lakes. The TOMA is also equipped with two 60 litres (16 US gal) tanks for tear gas and dye, as well as an 80 litres (21 US gal) foam tank. The foam, tear gas and dye reserves can be fired individually from the nozzles, or can be used in combination with water. While TOMAs are primarily specified for riot control, they have also been used to water tree saplings planted as a memorial to fallen police officers, clean CBRN equipment, and fight large fires.

Gallery

See also Wasserwerfer 9000 and Wasserwerfer 10000 - the TOMA's German equivalent

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with TOMA (vehicle)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what TOMA (vehicle) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to TOMA (vehicle) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about TOMA (vehicle) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of TOMA (vehicle)

In research: TOMA (vehicle) appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses TOMA (vehicle) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: TOMA (vehicle) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Cars of Turkey, Gendarmerie (Turkey), Military vehicle stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for TOMA (vehicle) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study TOMA (vehicle) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what TOMA (vehicle) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain TOMA (vehicle) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is TOMA (vehicle) in simple terms?

Why does TOMA (vehicle) matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study TOMA (vehicle)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on TOMA (vehicle).