science

Tairus

Tairus is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tairus rather than just read about it. In short: Tairus (Russian: Тайрус, a portmanteau of Тайско (Thai) and Русский (Russian)) is a synthetic gemstone manufacturer. It was formed in 1989 as part of Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika initiative to establish a joint venture between the Russian Academy of Sciences and Tairus Created Gems Co Ltd. of Bangkok, Thailand.

Key takeaways

Tairus belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tairus to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tairus from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Tairus (Russian: Тайрус, a portmanteau of Тайско (Thai) and Русский (Russian)) is a synthetic gemstone manufacturer. It was formed in 1989 as part of Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika initiative to establish a joint venture between the Russian Academy of Sciences and Tairus Created Gems Co Ltd. of Bangkok, Thailand. Today Tairus is a major supplier of hydrothermally grown gemstones to the jewellery industry. Later, Tairus became a privately held enterprise, operating out of its Bangkok distribution hub under the trade name Tairus, owned by Tairus Created Gems Co Ltd. of Bangkok, Thailand. In the beginning, the team was led by the scientist and developer of the hydrothermal process, the late Alexander Lebedev, whose name was kept secret by the Soviet regime for many years, and Walter Barshai, who was appointed to be the Chairman of the Board of the Joint Venture Tairus. Their objective was to grow and to supply emeralds, rubies, sapphires, alexandrite and other gems to the jewelry industry. The driving force was late Academician Nikolai Dobretsov, former President of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Tairus has achieved many scientific breakthroughs. For example, the development of the hydrothermally grown corundum, aquamarine and the development of a revolutionary process of horizontal crystallization for growing corundum (ruby), chrysoberyl and alexandrite. After many years of development, scientists at Tairus had succeeded to commercially grow emeralds in a laboratory environment that resemble in color and have gemological properties that “overlap natural emeralds from various localities, especially those of low alkali-bearing stones from Colombia” (The Journal of Gemmology, 2006, Vol. 30, Nos 1/2, 59-74).

Products

The following are synthetic gemstones that were developed by Tairus scientists; they are alternately referred to as Tairus stones (e.g. "Tairus Ruby").

Floating zone ruby, synthesized in 1991 (no longer in production) Hydrothermal ruby, synthesized in 1992 by Alexander Dokukin. Hydrothermal aquamarine, synthesized in 1993. Hydrothermal sapphires, in pink, green, orange, and blue. Colombian color emerald, developed in 2004.

References Gemological Investigation of a New Type of Russian Hydrothermal Synthetic Emerald GIA Gems & Gemology, Spring 1996, Vol. 32, No. 1 Tairus Hydrothermal Synthetic Sapphires Doped with Nickel and Chromium Published by GIA Gems & Gemology, Fall 1997, Vol. 33, No. 3 The Journal of Gemmology, 2006, Vol. 30, Nos 1/2, 59-74

External links Tairus Created Gems Nikolai Dobretsov

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tairus

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tairus claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tairus before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tairus ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tairus

In research: Tairus appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tairus in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tairus is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Companies of the Soviet Union, Crystallography, Diamond industry in the Soviet Union, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tairus outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tairus in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tairus means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tairus out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tairus in simple terms?

Why does Tairus matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tairus?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tairus.