Television in Bolivia arrived in 1967 and is one of the media that integrates the national population. Currently there are 185 stations or television stations in the national territory, most of which are installed in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra with 37 television media outlets. Currently there are 8 networks that cover the entire national area. There are also themed and cable channels.
History
Early conception In May 1961, the Bolivian government set up Televisión Boliviana (Televibol), a private company set to exploit television signals in the city of La Paz. Televibol also had plans to launch stations in other parts of the country and had the possibility of selling and servicing equipment once television launched. The absence of television in Bolivia until 1969 was derived mainly from the extant limitations of Bolivian radio, which had a lack of money and manpower. Communication problems between speakers of Spanish and speakers of native languages caused a language barrier. Few people in Bolivia had radio as of 1964. There were hopes for the radio infrastructure to be improved in order to assess the feasibility of a television station.
Development Following the 1966 Bolivian general election, plans were already underway for a national television service owned by the government. Up until then, Bolivia was served by a small number of closed-circuit experimental systems. Provisions were made for the government to provide a one-year monopoly to the first TV station in Bolivia, scheduled to start before the end of 1966. The state had already reserved three frequencies, channel 5 in La Paz, channel 4 in Cochabamba and channel 3 in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. After the prospective first year period ended, the state would allow the creation of private television stations.
Early years and government monopoly Given the rumors of the closure of Congress and the desire of the government of that time to have power over the country to become a dictator, President René Barrientos Ortuño signs the Supreme Decree 08395, on June 19, 1968, with which he founded the Bolivian Radio and Television Company (RTB), and later, with Supreme Decree 8571 (November 20, 1968) decides to change the name to Empresa Nacional de Televisión Boliviana (or by its acronym, ENTBOL). Due to the death of Barrientos (caused by a helicopter accident in Arque), his vice president, Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas, assumes the presidency, and therefore, continues Barrientos' project before dying. At that time, a contract was signed with the Spanish company, INELEC, in order to advise and contribute to the installation of the State Television Channel. Many of the members of the technical team were members of the Spanish company, as well as the Bolivian Air Force, in addition to several equipment parts being brought from Spain. After several test broadcasts, on August 30, 1969, the first television broadcast took place in Bolivian territory, with the creation of Televisión Boliviana based in La Paz and broadcasting in black and white. The monopoly was broken in 1973, when a television station was granted to the Higher University of San Andrés - Sistema Integrado de Televisión Universitaria.
Arrival of color television Starting in 1976, more television channels were installed. In 1979 in Bolivia there were already 9 channels, 8 university television channels with regional coverage and one (channel 7) with national coverage. By decree of February 20, 1976, Bolivia adopted the PAL standard for color broadcasts, which, however, presented difficulties for existing equipment, and due to this, on August 1, 1978, it was established that Televisión Boliviana changed its color transmissions using the NTSC system. In April 1984, private channels began to appear and soon reached 35, in urban areas 18 and 17 had provincial coverage (10 private channels in La Paz and 25 channels in the rest of the country). A microwave link connecting four cities (La Paz, Oruro, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz) known as the Red Troncal de Microondas (Microwave Trunk Network, "Trunk" as in the term "trunk axis" that connects these cities) was set up in 1977. There was intervention from the university stations, with the same law creating an umbrella network for these stations and creating one for Tarija.
Emergence of private television Development of private television lagged significantly. The first private television station to be registered, Telesistema Boliviano in La Paz, was founded on November 22, 1983, launching in 1985. The first commercial television station to launch, Red ATB, opened on October 20, 1984, ending the government's monopoly on television. Both ATB (Paceña de Televisión), led by Raúl Garafulic and TSB, led by Carlos Cardona, were among the first such stations to do so. At the time, shortly after the restoration of democracy in Bolivia, some private channels lacked regulation, opening illegally, and relied heavily on piracy to survive, such as Tele-Sat, channel 5 in La Paz, founded in April 1984. At the same time, the appearance of channel 13 in Santa Cruz de la Sierra (the current Red Uno de Bolivia) did the same. This led to the signing of Decree 21.060, aiming to liberalize the market and give commercial channels a license. In 1986, the government had received seven bids for private television stations in La Paz, of which only five could be legalized as both the state and the university already had their channels. By the end of the 1980s, La Paz alone had seven television channels, five of which were private, and foreign programming dominated in their programming. A new phase began in the 1990s, with the emergence of new media outlets. This led to the domination of at least four commercial television networks, where the bulk of their programming was imported from abroad.
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