science

Television in France

Television in France is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Television in France rather than just read about it. In short: Television in France was introduced in 1931, when the first experimental broadcasts began. Colour television was introduced in October 1967 on La Deuxième Chaîne.

Key takeaways

Television in France belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Television in France to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Television in France from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Television in France was introduced in 1931, when the first experimental broadcasts began. Colour television was introduced in October 1967 on La Deuxième Chaîne.

History During the regime of Charles De Gaulle, television was seen as "the government in the dining room every evening", as the 8pm news bulletin often started with a report on his activities. Instead of opting for the PAL format, France invented its own (SECAM). During the events of May 1968, it was evident that ORTF's television news was manipulated and its Friday night programme Panorama was suppressed because it aimed to talk about students' complaints.

Digital terrestrial television

France's digital terrestrial television network, known locally as TNT (from the literal translation in French, télévision numérique terrestre), was launched on 31 March 2005 after a short testing period. Like Freeview in the UK, it provides many new channels, as well as the current terrestrial television stations. Like the rest of Europe, France uses the DVB-T transmission technology. The 14 first digital free channels were launched on 31 March 2005: TF1, France 2, France 3, Canal+ (clear programms only), France 5, Arte, C8, W9, TMC, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire and France 4. In October and November, 4 additional free channels were added: the 24h news channels BFM TV and I-Télé, the music and entertainment youth channel Europe 2 TV, and the free children channel Gulli, joint-venture between Lagardère Active and France Télévisions. Pay channels were progressively added until March 2006: TPS Star, Paris Première, Canal+ Sport, Canal+ Cinéma(s), AB1, Planète, TF6, Canal J, LCI and Eurosport. Regional channels started to launch on the TNT on 13 September 2007. Due to the unsuccess of the pay-DTT, the terrestrial broadcast was abandoned by AB1 on 30 October 2008 and Canal J on 30 April 2009. On 14 December 2010, the CSA selected CFoot to relaunch a pay terrestrial channel. This channel was owned by the Ligue de Football Professionnel, to raise the stakes of French football leagues, and was launched on 28 July 2011 on the LCN 34 of the TNT (formerly assigned to AB1). With the arrival of BeIN Sports, CFoot closed on 31 May 2012. In addition, TPS Star closed in the same month. TF1 and M6 closed their pay channel TF6 on 31 December 2014. On 21 January 2015, Eurosport ceased its terrestrial broadcast after TF1 sold it to Discovery. By 2012, the digital terrestrial television services were expected to cover at least 95% of the French metropolitan population. Five high-definition (HD) channels (four free-to-air and one subscription) were launched in October 2008 using also the H.264 format. In September 2005, pay television channels were launched that use the MPEG-4 format, unlike most of Europe, which uses MPEG-2. Pay-per-view terrestrial channels use H.264. TNT is the first service to implement Dolby Digital Plus as an audio codec on its high-definition channels. Viewers must buy a TV set (or set-top box) that supports both MPEG-4 H.264 and DD+ to enjoy HD channels. Analog broadcasts were switched off on 30 November 2011 on all platforms, whether it is terrestrial, satellite or cable. Overseas departments and territories (such as French Guiana and Martinique) also terminated all analog broadcasts on the same day.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Television in France

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Television in France claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Television in France before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Television in France ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Television in France

In research: Television in France appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Television in France in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Television in France is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Television by country, Television in France, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Television in France outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Television in France in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Television in France means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Television in France out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Television in France in simple terms?

Television in France was introduced in 1931, when the first experimental broadcasts began. Colour television was introduced in October 1967 on La Deuxième Chaîne.

Why does Television in France matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Television in France?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Television in France.