science

Television in Turkmenistan

Television in Turkmenistan is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Television in Turkmenistan rather than just read about it. In short: In Turkmenistan, television has been operating for over 50 years and is subject to rigorous state censorship. Notorious for its totalitarian control of the media, Turkmenistan has consistently been in the bottom three of the annual Press Freedom Index since its inception in 2006.

Key takeaways

Television in Turkmenistan belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Television in Turkmenistan to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Television in Turkmenistan from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In Turkmenistan, television has been operating for over 50 years and is subject to rigorous state censorship. Notorious for its totalitarian control of the media, Turkmenistan has consistently been in the bottom three of the annual Press Freedom Index since its inception in 2006. There are 8 television channels: Altyn Asyr, Yashlyk (Yaşlyk), Miras, The Turkmenistan TV Channel, Türkmen Owazy, Ashgabat TV, Arkadag TV and Turkmenistan Sport. All of them used to be under the aegis of Ministry of Culture and Broadcasting of Turkmenistan, before being subsumed under the jurisdiction of the State Committee of Turkmenistan on TV, Radio and Film on 17 October 2011. The channels broadcast from Yamal 201, before shifting to their indigenous satellite TürkmenÄlem 52oE.

History

Soviet era The first television broadcast in Turkmenistan was held on 7 November 1959 when the Ashgabat television center conducted its first test broadcasts, mostly movies. The center would only start airing a regular service upon completion of its facilities.

Niyazov era The Turkmen government took over the extant television network from the former Turkmen SSR. The state company was renamed TMT (after the initials in Turkmen for Turkmenistan National Television). Russophone viewers frequently nicknamed the company as "your dead TV" (твой мертвый телевизор). In 1996, the Economist Intelligence Unit noted Turkmenistan to receive three channels — Channel One Russia, Sakhra, and Rossiyskyi. All were produced in Russia. Altyn Asyr, Yashlyk, and Miras were the first three channels to operate out of Turkmenistan. Satellite broadcasts of the three TMT channels started in 1999, with investment from US company Scientific Atlanta, enabling the channels to be available abroad. The three channels were renamed in 2001. Writing in 2005, Paul Brummell finds the troika to serve similar content encompassing documentaries about Turkmenistan, music-and-dance concerts, and dubbed foreign films (esp. Bollywood). The top-right corner of each channel featured a silhouette of Saparmurat Niyazov's head. The setting-up of a fourth channel was authorized by Niyazov in February 2004; it started broadcasting from 12 September of the same year. Originally named TV-4, it broadcasts in six languages and is aimed at an international audience. On 12 August 2004, Niyazov banned makeup on television, under the grounds that presenters' natural skin colors matched "the color of wheat". Proportionally, at the time, there were more female presenters using whitening powder.

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow era In December 2008, Niyazov's successor Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow signed a decree establishing "Turkmen Owazy" to "promote the art of music and culture of Turkmenistan". The channel started broadcasts in January 2009. In December 2011, Turkmenistan's first proprietary sports channel, "Sport", was established as part of a state-run campaign to promote the importance of sports to the Turkmen people, which also included Berdimuhamedow's rap song "Sportly Turkmenistan" that went viral worldwide. The channel was first aired on January 1, 2012. From late 2011, Turkmenistan started moving towards digital TV broadcasting. In 2015, citizens were instructed to not use satellite dishes, apparently in order to preserve the aesthetics of the cityscape; critics deemed the policy as a tool of censoring non-state sources.

Serdar Berdimuhamedow era The Ashgabat City Telephone Network removed Russia 1 and Zvezda in May 2022. On 31 March 2023, the eighth channel, Arkadag, was announced, aiming at the newly-built city of the same name. A cooperation agreement with the Russian Большая Азия (Big Asia) TV channel was signed in late March 2024. Turkmen state television supplied the channel with primarily cultural programming.

Cable and satellite television A limited number of foreign news channels (among them Euronews, France 24 and BBC News) are available on cable. A 2024 AFP report to Turkmenistan reveals that cable television operators are widely used as means of escape from the "boring" nature of state TV. Audience is minimal due to low proficiency of the English language. The Turkmen state controls information and receives income from subscriptions. Starting in 2014, the state started IPTV alternatives. Subscriptions in 2018 cost 10 manats (US$2.80 at official rate, comparable to US $0.50 at the black market rate). Russian and Turkish networks are also available. The satellite operator ÄlemTV provides a 125-channel service, which is also available over the internet. A 2022 listing posted on Turkmen Portal shows that the bulk of the channels provided are Russian, but it also carries Turkish and Uzbek channels, including channels from the latter's state broadcaster. None of the state-owned Turkmen channels are available in the Sada package, its basic package. The operator is owned by Türkmentelekom. Until 2022, the service was known as Big Bang TV. Beginning 1 August 2023, the operator started selling its access cards on all Türkmenpost branches.

Channels

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Television in Turkmenistan

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Television in Turkmenistan claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Television in Turkmenistan before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Television in Turkmenistan ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Television in Turkmenistan

In research: Television in Turkmenistan appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Television in Turkmenistan in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Television in Turkmenistan is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Communications in Turkmenistan, Mass media in Turkmenistan, Television by country, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Television in Turkmenistan outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Television in Turkmenistan in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Television in Turkmenistan means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Television in Turkmenistan out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Television in Turkmenistan in simple terms?

Why does Television in Turkmenistan matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Television in Turkmenistan?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Television in Turkmenistan.