mathematics

Teofil Żebrawski

Teofil Żebrawski is a mathematics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Teofil Żebrawski rather than just read about it. In short: Teofil Wincenty Żebrawski (Polish pronunciation: [tɛˈɔ.fil ʐɛbrafski]; 5 April 1800 – 5 February 1887) was a Polish mathematician, bibliographer, architect, biologist, archeologist, cartographer and geodesist; an erudite and polymath. Pioneer of the modern Polish mathematical bibliography.

Key takeaways

Teofil Żebrawski belongs to mathematics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Teofil Żebrawski to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Teofil Żebrawski from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Teofil Wincenty Żebrawski (Polish pronunciation: [tɛˈɔ.fil ʐɛbrafski]; 5 April 1800 – 5 February 1887) was a Polish mathematician, bibliographer, architect, biologist, archeologist, cartographer and geodesist; an erudite and polymath. Pioneer of the modern Polish mathematical bibliography. He was an author of works mainly about road, iron road and bridge constructions, cartography, topography and entomology. Author of Polish, French and German dictionary of architecture, building engineering and materials science terms. Author and publisher of Free City of Kraków maps from 1833, city map of Kraków from 1834 and health resorts map of Galicia and Bukowina. Żebrawski derived the chain curve formula and applied it to the bridge arc calculations. He published a paper on the main causes of train derailment and its present methods. He introduced his own method of maps and map graticule classification. He researched and described changes in fauna of butterflies in Kraków region. Żebrawski directed restorations of Dominicans Church in Kraków, altars of St. Mary's Basilica and Royal Graves of the Wawel Cathedral. Żebrawski was also a translator. His notable translations to Polish language includes The Poems of Ossian originally written by James Macpherson and Diversarum Artium Schedula — Libri III by Theophilus Presbyter. He participated in the November Uprising (1830–1831) as a First Lieutenant-Engineer (porucznik-inżynier) of Józef Dwernicki corps and in the Kraków Uprising (1846) as a captain (kapitan).

Biography Żebrawski was born on 5 April 1800 in Wojnicz, West Galicia. In 1818 he graduated from Bartłomiej Nowodworski High School in Kraków. After that, he studied philosophy, nature, English philology, mathematics and astronomy at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, and mining, building engineering and topography at the Szkoła Akademiczno-Górnicza in Kielce. In 1832 he graduated doctor of philosophy and liberal science at the Jagiellonian University. In the years of 1832–1834 he worked as a lecturer and then adjunct of the Natural History and Botanics Department at the Jagiellonian University. In 1837–1853 he worked as a land and water transport inspector of Kraków. In 1830s, Żebrawski designed and built a road through the Free City of Kraków with two bridges over Krzeszówka and Dłubnia. Between 1825 and 1831, he made a triangulation of Dobrzyń Land, Pułtusk obwód, Świętokrzyskie Mountains, Sandomierz region, regions between Warsaw, Włodawa and Bug, and Wilno Governorate region. Part of these measurements were used in the 1839 map of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1866, he became a member of the Kraków Science Society (Towarzystwo Naukowe Krakowskie) and in 1872, member of the Academy of Learning (Akademia Umiejętności). He died in Kraków on 5 February 1887.

Notable works O sieciach do kart geograficznych, astronomicznych i morskich (1831) Dopełnienie dawnej bibliografii polskiej (1838) O moście wiszący (1841) Początkowe wiadomości z geometryi dla praktycznego użytku. Część I. Planimetryja (1849) O przyczynach wykolejenia pociągów na drogach żelaznych i środkach zapobieżania temu (1850) Wiadomość o bożyszczu słowiańskim znalezionym w Zbruczu (1858) Owady łuskoskrzydłe, czyli motylowate z okolic Krakowa (1860) Wiadomość o Adamie Kochańskim i pismach jego matematycznych (1862) Nasze zabytki (1865–1871) Bibliografija piśmiennictwa polskiego z działu matematyki i fizyki oraz ich zastósowań (1873) Słownik wyrazów technicznych tyczących się budownictwa (1883) Dodatki do bibliografii piśmiennictwa polskiego z działu matematyki i fizyki oraz ich zastósowań (1886)

References "Żebrawski Teofil". Internetowa encyklopedia PWN. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Retrieved 2006-11-18. Śródka, Andrzej; Szczawiński, Paweł, eds. (1988). Biogramy uczonych polskich. Tom IV: Nauki techniczne (in Polish). Wrocław: Ossolineum. Śródka, Andrzej (1998). Uczeni polscy XIX i XX stulecia. Tom IV: S-Ż (in Polish). Warsaw: Paries.

External links Works by or about Teofil Żebrawski at the Internet Archive

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Teofil Żebrawski

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Teofil Żebrawski claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In mathematics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Teofil Żebrawski before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Teofil Żebrawski ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Teofil Żebrawski

In research: Teofil Żebrawski appears in mathematics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Teofil Żebrawski in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Teofil Żebrawski is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1800 births, 1887 deaths, 19th-century Polish archaeologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Teofil Żebrawski outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Teofil Żebrawski in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Teofil Żebrawski means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Teofil Żebrawski out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Teofil Żebrawski in simple terms?

Why does Teofil Żebrawski matter?

Because it connects several mathematics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Teofil Żebrawski?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Teofil Żebrawski.