chemistry

Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II)

Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) rather than just read about it. In short: Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) (Na4Ru(bps)3) is a sodium salt of coordination complex. In this form, it is the salt of a sulfonic acid.

Key takeaways

Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) (Na4Ru(bps)3) is a sodium salt of coordination complex. In this form, it is the salt of a sulfonic acid. This compound or related salts are classified as transition metal complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline. Ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate), referring to the anionic fragment, is used as a protein dye in biochemistry to differentiate and detect proteins. In 2-D electrophoresis the complex is used in a standard procedure to separate complex protein mixtures in proteome studies (Proteomics). and a step in gene expression profiling. For protein detection, it is advantageous to use fluorescent labels containing chromophores that have longer excitation wavelength and emission wavelength than the aromatic amino acids. These dyes combine good signal to background ratio (contrast), broad linear dynamic range, broad application range, photochemical stability, and compatibility to protein identification techniques, e.g. mass spectrometry (MS) or Western blotting.

History Tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) was synthesized by Bannwarth as a dye for oligo nucleotides. Within 5 years, similar transition metal complexes had been recognized as workable protein detection reagents, and shortly afterwards the europium analog of RuBPS was demonstrated as an effective fluorescent protein detection reagent. The first reported use of RuBPS for protein detection appears to be the commercial release of the proprietary Sypro Ruby protein staining solution in 1999. While Sypro Ruby is proprietary & is not stated to have RuBPS as the major component, it is stated to have ruthenium, and Rabilloud et al. synthesized RuPBS and compared it to Sypro Ruby, finding them to be highly similar, albeit not identical, reagents for fluorescent detection of proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Notably, Rabilloud et al. made their comparisons against the first formulation of Sypro Ruby, the second (and presumed current) formulation of Sypro Ruby has the same product numbers (but distinct lot numbers) and an increased performance with diverse fixative solutions. The fact that RuBPS is not only easy to synthesize but also easy to handle, induced further developments in this field. RuBPS staining protocol by selectively destaining the polyacrylamide matrix while the protein content remained tinctured. This technique offers a variety of advantages. Related ruthenium(II) complexes have some improved properties, specifically a broader pH range where they could be used.

References

External links More information about ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate) staining can be found on [1]

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II)

In research: Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Fluorescent dyes, Organic sodium salts, Pyridine complexes, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) in simple terms?

Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) (Na4Ru(bps)3) is a sodium salt of coordination complex. In this form, it is the salt of a sulfonic acid.

Why does Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II).