biology

Theodor Magnus Fries

Theodor Magnus Fries is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Theodor Magnus Fries rather than just read about it. In short: Theodor "Thore" Magnus Fries (28 October 1832 – 29 March 1913), was a Swedish botanist, lichenologist, and Arctic explorer. He was the son of the mycologist Elias Fries.

Key takeaways

Theodor Magnus Fries belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Theodor Magnus Fries to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Theodor Magnus Fries from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Theodor "Thore" Magnus Fries (28 October 1832 – 29 March 1913), was a Swedish botanist, lichenologist, and Arctic explorer. He was the son of the mycologist Elias Fries. Following in his father's footsteps, Fries studied botany, obtaining his doctoral degree in 1857 at Uppsala. He is credited for introducing the term phyllocladium in a commentary about the lichen genus Stereocaulon in an 1858 publication. He became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1865 and professor of botany and applied economics at Uppsala in 1877. Fries edited several exsiccata series. His most notable work was Lichenographia scandinavica (1871–1874). He also produced a two-volume biography of Carl Linnaeus (1903). Fries was part of two Arctic expeditions led by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, in 1868 and 1871. From 1893 to 1899, he was the vice-chancellor of Uppsala University. His sons Thore Christian Elias Fries and Robert Elias Fries also became botanists.

See also Category:Taxa named by Theodor Magnus Fries

References

External links Th. M. Fries (1832-1913), a Grand Scandinavian Lichenologist. The Bryologist 104 (4):537-542 Works by Theodor Magnus Fries Biography (Mushroom the Journal)

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Theodor Magnus Fries

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Theodor Magnus Fries claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Theodor Magnus Fries before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Theodor Magnus Fries ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Theodor Magnus Fries

In research: Theodor Magnus Fries appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Theodor Magnus Fries in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Theodor Magnus Fries is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1832 births, 1913 deaths, 19th-century Swedish botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Theodor Magnus Fries outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Theodor Magnus Fries in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Theodor Magnus Fries means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Theodor Magnus Fries out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Theodor Magnus Fries in simple terms?

Theodor "Thore" Magnus Fries (28 October 1832 – 29 March 1913), was a Swedish botanist, lichenologist, and Arctic explorer. He was the son of the mycologist Elias Fries.

Why does Theodor Magnus Fries matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Theodor Magnus Fries?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Theodor Magnus Fries.