astronomy

Thomas A. Bickle

Thomas A. Bickle is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Thomas A. Bickle rather than just read about it. In short: Thomas Anthony Bickle is a British/Swiss microbiologist. Life Thomas A.

Key takeaways

Thomas A. Bickle belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Thomas A. Bickle to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Thomas A. Bickle from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Thomas Anthony Bickle is a British/Swiss microbiologist.

Life Thomas A. Bickle studied biology at the University of Geneva. He completed his doctorate in 1972 at the University of California, Davis and subsequently worked there as an assistant. The following year he moved to the Biozentrum at the University of Basel on an EMBO Long-Term Fellowship. Here he was appointed in 1980 to associate professor and in 1990 to full professor. In addition to his duties in research and teaching, he served as Chairman of the Biozentrum and as Dean of the Faculty of Science. He reached emeritus status in 2005.

Work

Thomas A. Bickle mainly investigated the mode of action of bacterial DNA restriction and modification systems. These systems protect bacteria from being invaded by foreign DNA, either free or packaged in bacterial viruses. So-called restriction enzymes (endonucleases) recognize foreign DNA and inactivate these through endonucleolytic cleavage. In Escherichia coli Bickle elucidated the precise method used by these enzymes to distinguish between their own and foreign DNA, He identified the DNA recognition sequences of various restriction enzymes and investigated their structure. Furthermore, he demonstrated that many bacterial viruses have evolved diverse defense mechanisms to avoid restriction.

Awards and honors 1980 elected Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) 1985 member of the Swiss Commission for Molecular Biology

External links Webpage Biozentrum University of Basel, Emeriti Researchgate: Thomas Bickle Swiss National Science Foundation, P3 database, Thomas Bickle Google Books, Thomas A. Bickle, Markus Streiff: Methods for Purification of Restriction Enzymes

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Thomas A. Bickle

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Thomas A. Bickle claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Thomas A. Bickle before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Thomas A. Bickle ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Thomas A. Bickle

In research: Thomas A. Bickle appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Thomas A. Bickle in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Thomas A. Bickle is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Biozentrum University of Basel, Living people, Microbiologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Thomas A. Bickle outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Thomas A. Bickle in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Thomas A. Bickle means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Thomas A. Bickle out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Thomas A. Bickle in simple terms?

Thomas Anthony Bickle is a British/Swiss microbiologist. Life Thomas A.

Why does Thomas A. Bickle matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Thomas A. Bickle?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Thomas A. Bickle.