mathematics

Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne

Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne is a mathematics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne rather than just read about it. In short: Thousand Families Study was a major epidemiological study, that arose through observations made by Sir James Spence, one of the first ever full-time paediatricians in the United Kingdom, and from 1942, the first holder of a University Chair of Child Health in England. Prior to the Second World War, Newcastle City Council became increasingly concerned about the high infant mortality rate in the city (in 1939 the rate…

Key takeaways

Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne belongs to mathematics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Thousand Families Study was a major epidemiological study, that arose through observations made by Sir James Spence, one of the first ever full-time paediatricians in the United Kingdom, and from 1942, the first holder of a University Chair of Child Health in England. Prior to the Second World War, Newcastle City Council became increasingly concerned about the high infant mortality rate in the city (in 1939 the rate was 62 per 1000 live births) and asked Spence to undertake a review of all deaths of babies. Spence concluded that the excess infant mortality was due to death from acute infection. Further research was curtailed by the Second World War.

The Start of the Newcastle Thousand Families Study At the end of the war, the young doctors began to return to take up their former careers. One of those was Fred Miller and in 1946 Spence is reported to have said to him at a weekly departmental meeting "Well Freddie, what are we going to do about all these infections?". So began the Thousand Families Study. The study was initially planned for only one year and aimed to confirm the earlier finding that acute infection was the major cause of infant mortality in the city, and in particular identify which factors put infants at a higher risk of such infections. In addition, it also aimed to place the health of the infants within the context of the family. The study focused on all births in Newcastle in May and June 1947, an actual total of 1142 babies. The medical records of the participants were marked with a red sticker and the study is also popularly known as the Red Spot Study. Several publications document the study:- A Thousand Families in Newcastle upon Tyne by James Spence, W S Walton, F J W Miller and S D M Court, OUP, 1954 [This covers the first year of life] Growing up in Newcastle upon Tyne by F J W Miller, S D M Court, W S Walton and E G Knox, OUP, 1960 [Pre-school years] The School Years in Newcastle upon Tyne, 1952 - 1962 by F J W Miller, S D M Cour, E G Knox and S Brandon, OUP, 1974.

Ongoing study The study went on in detail until 1962. After this date follow-ups of some of the participants were conducted when they reached the age of 22 and 33. A major follow-up, with all participants invited, was conducted when the participants reached the age of 50. A range of health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, Helicobacter pylori, depression, telomere length, lung function and teeth were assessed in relation to the data collected at that follow-up and also that collected in previous follow-ups. this resulted in the study being a study of lifecourse epidemiology. The 60th anniversary of the study was marked by an exhibition at Newcastle's Discovery Museum and a civic reception hosted by the mayor of Newcastle. A further follow-up of the study members is being planned. The records of the 1,000 Families Study are preserved at Tyne & Wear Archives Service.

Direction The study is directed by Dr Mark Pearce of Newcastle University.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In mathematics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne

In research: Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne appears in mathematics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics British medical research, Cohort studies, Epidemiological study projects, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne in simple terms?

Why does Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne matter?

Because it connects several mathematics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne.