engineering

Three Polish Emissaries

Three Polish Emissaries is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Three Polish Emissaries rather than just read about it. In short: The Three Polish Emissaries (Portuguese: Três emissários polacos; Polish: Trzech polskich emisariuszy) is a monument in Estoril, Portugal, at the corner of Clotilde Avenue and Arcadas do Parque Street, in front of the Estoril Garden. The bronze statue is dedicated to three couriers of the Polish government-in-exile during the Second World War, Jan Karski, Jerzy Lerski, and Jan Nowak-Jeziorański.

Key takeaways

Three Polish Emissaries belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Three Polish Emissaries to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Three Polish Emissaries from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Three Polish Emissaries (Portuguese: Três emissários polacos; Polish: Trzech polskich emisariuszy) is a monument in Estoril, Portugal, at the corner of Clotilde Avenue and Arcadas do Parque Street, in front of the Estoril Garden. The bronze statue is dedicated to three couriers of the Polish government-in-exile during the Second World War, Jan Karski, Jerzy Lerski, and Jan Nowak-Jeziorański. It was designed by Karol Badyna and unveiled on 28 June 2016.

History The monument was financed by Poland-born businessperson André Jordan, and placed on Clotilde Avenue, near the Hotel Palácio, which he owned. During the Second World War, the building used to be a popular meeting spot among spies, as well as housing numerous members of various European royal houses displaced due to the conflict. The monument was designed by Karol Badyna, the sculptor responsible for several bench monuments dedicated to Jan Karski in Poland, United States, and Israel. The monument was created in cooperation with the embassy of Poland in Lisbon and the municipal council of Cascais. The statue was dedicated to three couriers of the Polish government-in-exile during the Second World War, Jan Karski, Jerzy Lerski, and Jan Nowak-Jeziorański. It was unveiled on 28 June 2016 in Estoril. The monument, the same as previous works by Badyna, was criticised by Karski's family for going against his wishes of not being commemorated with monuments.

Design The monument is located in Estoril, placed at the corner of Clotilde Avenue and Arcadas do Parque Street, in front of the Estoril Garden, and near the Hotel Palácio and Estoril Casino. It consists of three bronze statues depicting the three men sitting on a bench. The main sculpture has a height of 0.9 m, a length of 3.1 m, and a width of 1.35 m. Beside the monument stands a triangular pedestal with an inscription in Polish, English, and Portuguese, informing the public of the sacrifice of the numerous Polish emissaries during the Second World War. The pavement on both sides of the sculpture is decorated with large mosaics depicting the coat of arms of Poland and Portugal. The inscriptions are:

Portuguese inscriptionOs três emissários polacosque atravessaram o Atlântico levando informação sobre a Polónia ocupadaJan Karski1914–2000Jerzy Lerski1917–1992Jan Nowak-Jeziorański1914–2005Foi graças a estes homense a dezenas de outros heróis anónimosque o terror da Segunda Guerra Mundialchegou mais cedo ao fim.A sua coragem e sabedoria contribuírampara as bases do sistema transatlântico.Passados setenta anos, o atlantismo continua a ser chavepara a paz e a estabilidade das nações europeias.Embaixada da Polónia em Portugal, Boleslaw Misztal, embaixadorCâmara Municipal de Cascais, Carlos Carreiras, presidenteFamilia Spritzman-Jordan, patronosEstoril, 3 de maio de 2016 English inscriptionThree Polish Emissariescrossed the Atlantic during World War IIcarrying information from occupied PolandJan Karski1914–2000Jerzy Lerski1917–1992Jan Nowak-Jeziorański1914–2005They, as well as dozens of unnamed heroes, helped to bring an end to the war's terrors.Their courage and wisdomcontributed to the foundationsof the Transatlantic System.Seventy years laterAtlantic ideas remain the keyto the peace and stability of European nations.Embassy of Poland to Portugal, Boleslaw Misztal, ambassadorThe city of Cascais, Carlos Carreiras, mayorThe Spritzman-Jordan family, patronsEstroil, May 3, 2016 Polish inscriptionTrzej polscy emisariuszew czasie II wojny światowej przekraczali atlantykz informacjami z okupowanej PolskJan Karski1914–2000Jerzy Lerski1917–1992Jan Nowak-Jeziorański1914–2005Dzięki nim i dziesiątką innychbezimiennych bohaterówterror wojenny wygasł wczesniej.Ich odwaga i mądrość stworzyły zręby Systemu Transatlantyckiego.70 lat później idea atlantyckapozostaje kluczem do pokoju i rozwoju naszych narodów.Ambasada Polski w Portugalii, Bronislaw Misztal, ambasador Rząd miasta Cascais, Carlos Carreiras, burmistrzRodzina Spritzman-Jordan, fundatorzyEstoril, 3 maja 2016 Next to the sculpture is also placed the bust of Lucian Blaga, a 20th-century philosopher, poet, playwright, and novelist, designed by Aurel Gheorghe Ardelean.

Gallery

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Three Polish Emissaries

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Three Polish Emissaries claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Three Polish Emissaries before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Three Polish Emissaries ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Three Polish Emissaries

In research: Three Polish Emissaries appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Three Polish Emissaries in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Three Polish Emissaries is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2016 establishments in Portugal, 2016 sculptures, Bench monuments, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Three Polish Emissaries outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Three Polish Emissaries in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Three Polish Emissaries means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Three Polish Emissaries out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Three Polish Emissaries in simple terms?

Why does Three Polish Emissaries matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Three Polish Emissaries?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Three Polish Emissaries.