earth science

Tiki Formation

Tiki Formation is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tiki Formation rather than just read about it. In short: The Tiki Formation is a Late Triassic (Carnian to Norian) geologic formation in Madhya Pradesh, northern India. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.

Key takeaways

Tiki Formation belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tiki Formation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tiki Formation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Tiki Formation is a Late Triassic (Carnian to Norian) geologic formation in Madhya Pradesh, northern India. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus. Phytosaur remains attributable to the genus Volcanosuchus have also been found in the Tiki Formation. The genera Tikiodon, Tikitherium and Tikisuchus and species Rewaconodon tikiensis, Hyperodapedon tikiensis and Parvodus tikiensis have been named after the Tiki Formation.

Paleobiota

Reptiles

Dinosaurs

Non-dinosaur Archosaurs

Non-archosaur Reptiles

Synapsids

Cynodont

Amphibians

Temnospondyls

Other Amphibians

Actinopterygiis

Chondrichthyes

Flora

Correlations The Tiki Formation is considered a temporal equivalent of the Lower Maleri Formation. The majority of the Tiki Formation correlates with the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, the upper part of the Santa Maria Formation, and the overlying lower Caturrita Formation of Brazil, the Isalo II Beds of Madagascar, Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland, and the lower Tecovas Formation of the Chinle Group of North America.

See also List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations List of stratigraphic units with indeterminate dinosaur fossils

References

Bibliography Kumar, J.; Sharma, K. M. (2019). "Micro and mega-vertebrate fossils from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India: palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographic implications". Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India. 64 (2): 151–168. Bibcode:2019JPalS..64..151K. doi:10.1177/0971102320190201. Mukherjee, D.; Ray, S. (2012). "Taphonomy of an Upper Triassic vertebrate bonebed: A new rhynchosaur (Reptilia; Archosauromorpha) accumulation from India". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 333–334: 75–91. Bibcode:2012PPP...333...75M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.010. Datta, P. M.; Das, D. P.; Luo, Z.-X. (2004). "A late Triassic dromatheriid (Synapsida: Cynodontia) from India". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 73 (2): 72–84. Bibcode:2004AnCM...73...72D. doi:10.5962/p.215151. Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka, eds. (2004). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–880. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. Retrieved 2019-02-21. Datta, P. M.; Das, D. P. (1996). "Discovery of the oldest fossil mammal from India". Indian Minerals. 50: 217–222. Chatterjee, S.; Majumdar, P. K. (1987). "Tikisuchus romeri, a new rauisuchid reptile from the Late Triassic of India". Journal of Paleontology. 61 (4): 787–793. Bibcode:1987JPal...61..787C. doi:10.1017/S0022336000029139. Pal, P.K (1984). "Triassic plant megafossils from the Tiki Formation, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India". The Palaeobotanist. 32: 253–309. Chatterjee, S (1978). "A primitive parasuchid (Phytosaur) reptile from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India". Palaeontology. 21: 83–127. Huene, F. von (1940). "The tetrapod fauna of the Upper Triassic Maleri Beds". Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India Palaeontologia Indica. New Series. 32: 1–42. Lydekker, R (1885). "The Reptilia & Amphibia of the Maleria & Denwa Groups". Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia Indica, Series IV. Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata. 1: 1–38.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tiki Formation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tiki Formation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tiki Formation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tiki Formation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tiki Formation

In research: Tiki Formation appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tiki Formation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tiki Formation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Carnian Stage, Fluvial deposits, Geography of Madhya Pradesh, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tiki Formation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tiki Formation in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tiki Formation means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tiki Formation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tiki Formation in simple terms?

Why does Tiki Formation matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tiki Formation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tiki Formation.