biology

Tilletia barclayana

Tilletia barclayana is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tilletia barclayana rather than just read about it. In short: Tilletia barclayana is a plant pathogen that infects rice, signalgrass, pearl millet, and crabgrass. The pathogen corrupts the crops it infects, causing black busts to appear on the crops, which then become discolored and smutted.

Key takeaways

Tilletia barclayana belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tilletia barclayana to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tilletia barclayana from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Tilletia barclayana is a plant pathogen that infects rice, signalgrass, pearl millet, and crabgrass. The pathogen corrupts the crops it infects, causing black busts to appear on the crops, which then become discolored and smutted.

History Tilletia barclayana can live up to 2 years or more while in a host, and is found largely worldwide. Although the origin of the pathogen is unknown, it was first reported in the 1980s.

Impact Tilletia barclayana spreads between nearby plants, leading to an increased loss. Due to this impact scientists are attempting to make these crops more resistant to the pathogen. As of now, the main method of controlling the pathogen is by pulling the infected crops directly from the ground.

Control Out of salicylic acid and plant extracts of Ammi visnaga, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Artemisia judaica, Mentha viridis, Syzygium aromaticum and Eucalyptus globulus, M. viridis and S. aromaticum were most effective in prevention of T. barclayana infection. All the tested solutions did provide some level of protection however.

References

Further reading Reyes, G.M. (January 1933). "The black smut or bunt of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Philippines". Philippine Journal of Agriculture. 4: 241-270. OCLC 5151224. Kameswar Row, K.V.S.R. (1962). "Incidence of 'bunt' disease on rice". Science and Culture. 28: 534-535. Chauhan, L.S.; Verma, S.C. (1964). "Bunt resistance paddy varieties in Uttar Pradesh". Science and Culture. 30: 201. Cartwright, RD; Lee, FN; Parsons, CE; Ross, WJ; Vann, SR; Overton, R (1999). "Monitoring of rice disease and on-farm evaluation of rice varieties in Arkansas". In Norman, R.J.; Johnston, T.H. (eds.). B.R. Research Series 468. Fayetteville: Arkansas Agriculture Experimental Station. pp. 148–156. Akhtar, M.A.; Sarwar, M (1987). "Incidence of rice kernel smut in Pakistan". Pakistan Agricultural Research Council. International Rice Research Newsletter. 12: 15-16. Gill, KS; Sharma, I; Aujla, SS (1993). Karnal bunt and wheat production. Ludhiana: Punjab Agricultural University. Kumar, I; Kang, M.S.; Saini, S.S. (1978). "Fertilizer levels and incidence of bunt disease in rice in India". International Rice Research Newsletter. 3: 5.

External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tilletia barclayana

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tilletia barclayana claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tilletia barclayana before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tilletia barclayana ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tilletia barclayana

In research: Tilletia barclayana appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tilletia barclayana in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tilletia barclayana is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Fungal plant pathogens and diseases, Fungi described in 1895, Fungus species, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tilletia barclayana outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tilletia barclayana in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tilletia barclayana means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tilletia barclayana out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tilletia barclayana in simple terms?

Why does Tilletia barclayana matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tilletia barclayana?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tilletia barclayana.