biology

Tim Shallice

Tim Shallice is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tim Shallice rather than just read about it. In short: Timothy Shallice (born 1940) is a professor of neuropsychology and the founding director of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, part of University College London. He has been a professor at Cognitive Neuroscience Sector of the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste, Italy since 1994 but is now retired.

Key takeaways

Tim Shallice belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tim Shallice to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tim Shallice from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Timothy Shallice (born 1940) is a professor of neuropsychology and the founding director of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, part of University College London. He has been a professor at Cognitive Neuroscience Sector of the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste, Italy since 1994 but is now retired. Shallice has been influential in laying the foundations for the discipline of cognitive neuropsychology, by formalising many of its methods and assumptions in his 1988 book From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure. He has also worked on many core problems in cognitive psychology and neuropsychology, including executive function, language and memory. Together with psychologist Don Norman, Shallice proposed a framework of attentional control of executive functioning. One of the components of the Norman-Shallice model is the supervisory attentional system. The model is viewed as a possible realization of Alexander Luria's theory in information-processing terms. Together with John Fox, Shallice was also awarded a grant on cognitive modelling by the United Kingdom's Joint Council Initiative in Cognitive Science and Human-Computer Interaction. The project developed an existing specification language for cognitive modelling and resulted to a prototype COGENT system. Shallice also co-authored a study on the relationship of prospective and retrospective memory using neuropsychological evidence with Paul W. Burgess. Shallice contributed in the development of neuropsychological tests including the Hayling and Brixton tests and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS). He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1996.

Publications

Books Shallice, Tim (1988). From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52-130874-8. (also available in paperback and Adobe eBook) Shallice, Tim; Cooper, Rick (2011). The Organisation of Mind. Vol. 48. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1366–70. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.07.004. ISBN 978-0-19-957924-2. PMID 23040241. S2CID 5559324. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

References

External links Tim Shallice's homepage

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tim Shallice

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tim Shallice claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tim Shallice before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tim Shallice ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tim Shallice

In research: Tim Shallice appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tim Shallice in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tim Shallice is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1940 births, Academics of the University of London, British cognitive scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tim Shallice outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tim Shallice in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tim Shallice means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tim Shallice out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tim Shallice in simple terms?

Why does Tim Shallice matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tim Shallice?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tim Shallice.