science

Timeline of Permian research

Timeline of Permian research is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Timeline of Permian research rather than just read about it. In short: This timeline of Permian research is a chronological listing of events in the history of geology and paleontology focused on the study of earth during the span of time lasting from 298.9–252.17 million years ago and the legacies of this period in the rock and fossil records. 19th century 1828 Brongn described the new genera Calamites and Glossopteris. 1854 Meyer described the new genus Arthropleura. 1855 Geinitz des…

Key takeaways

Timeline of Permian research belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Timeline of Permian research to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Timeline of Permian research from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This timeline of Permian research is a chronological listing of events in the history of geology and paleontology focused on the study of earth during the span of time lasting from 298.9–252.17 million years ago and the legacies of this period in the rock and fossil records.

19th century

1828 Brongn described the new genera Calamites and Glossopteris.

1854 Meyer described the new genus Arthropleura.

1855 Geinitz described the new genus Halonia. Now it is considered synonymous with Arthropleura.

1865 Gervais described the new genus Mesosaurus and species Mesosaurus tenuidens.

1870 Cope described the new genus Lystrosaurus.

1877 Cope described the new genus Diplocaulus. Cope described the new genus Dimetrodon.

1882 Cope described the new genus Edaphosaurus.

1887 Cope described the new genus Eryops.

1889 Gürich described the new genus Ditrochosaurus and species Ditrochosaurus capensis. Gürich described the new species Mesosaurus capensis. Gürich synonymized subjectively Stereosternum with Mesosaurus.

1899 Karpinsky described the new genus Helicoprion.

20th century

1904 Broili described the new genus Seymouria.

1911 Broom described the new genus and species Moschops capensis.

1919 Pruvost synonymized subjectively Halonia with Arthropleura.

1922 Amalitsky described the new genus Inostrancevia.

1937 Stovall described the new genus Cotylorhynchus.

1948 L. I. Price described the new genus Prionosuchus.

21st century

2018 Niko et al. described the new species Sutherlandia jamalensis. Wu et al. described the new species Juxathyris subcircularis. Torres-Martínez, Sour-Tovar and Barragán described the new genus Kukulkanus and species Kukulkanus spinosus. Afanasjeva, Jun-Ichi and Yukio described the new species Leurosina katasumiensis. Tazawa and Araki described the new species Neochonetes (Huangichonetes) matsukawensis. Terrill, Henderson and Anderson published article about histological sections of Ordovician and Permian conodont dental elements from the Bell Canyon Formation (Texas, United States), Harding Sandstone (Colorado, United States), Ali Bashi Formation (Iran) and Canadian Arctic, examining those fossils for the presence and distribution of soft tissue biomarkers. Yuan, Zhang and Shen described the new species Mesogondolella hendersoni. Golding and Orchard in Golding described the new genus Pustulognathus and species Pustulognathus vigilans. Read and Nestell described the new species Sweetognathus duplex. Read and Nestell described the new species Sweetognathus wardlawi. Golubev and Bulanov published article about description of anamniote tetrapod fossils from the Late Permian Sundyr Tetrapod Assemblage (Mari El, Russia). Tarailo published article about a study on the relationship between taxonomic and ecological diversity of temnospondyls across the Permian–Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Gee and Reisz published article about well-preserved postcranial skeletons of two dissorophids are described from the early Permian karst deposits near Richards Spur (Oklahoma, United States). Gee and Reisz published article about new skull remains of Cacops morrisi, as well as the first known postcranial remains of the taxon, are described from the Permian of the Richards Spur locality (Oklahoma, United States).

2019 Abdala et al. described the new genus Vetusodon and new species Vetusodon elikhulu. Kammerer described the new genus Thliptosaurus and species Thliptosaurus imperforatus. Spindler, Werneburg and Schneider described the new genus Cabarzia and species Cabarzia trostheidei. Suchkova and Golubev described the new species Gorynychus sundyrensis. Suchkova and Golubev described the new genus Julognathus and species Julognathus crudelis. Reisz described the new genus Arisierpeton and species Arisierpeton simplex.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Timeline of Permian research

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Timeline of Permian research claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Timeline of Permian research before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Timeline of Permian research ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Timeline of Permian research

In research: Timeline of Permian research appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Timeline of Permian research in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Timeline of Permian research is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Paleontology timelines, Permian, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Timeline of Permian research outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Timeline of Permian research in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Timeline of Permian research means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Timeline of Permian research in simple terms?

Why does Timeline of Permian research matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Timeline of Permian research?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Timeline of Permian research.