science

Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn

Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn rather than just read about it. In short: Timeline 1857 July: First known attempt (from Breuil) by Jean-Antoine Carrel, Jean-Jacques Carrel, and Amé Gorret. 1858 August: Attempt by J. A. and J.

Key takeaways

Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Timeline

1857 July: First known attempt (from Breuil) by Jean-Antoine Carrel, Jean-Jacques Carrel, and Amé Gorret.

1858 August: Attempt by J. A. and J. J. Carrel. The Grande Tour is reached (3800 m).

1860 July 2: Attempt from Zermatt (East face) by Charles, Alfred and Sandbach Parker (c. 3500 m) August: Attempt by John Tyndall, Vaughan Hawkins, J. J. Carrel (3960 m)

1861 July 4: Second attempt by the Parker brothers (c. 3570 m) August 29: J. A. and J. J. Carrel. The Crête du Coq is reached (4032 m) August 29–30: First attempt by Edward Whymper and Swiss guide (Lion ridge)

1862 January: First winter attempt (from Zermatt East face) by Thomas Stuart Kennedy guided by Peter Perren and Peter Taugwalder (c. 3350 m) July 7–8: Attempt by E. Whymper, Reginald J. S. MacDonald, Johann zum Taugwald, Johann Krönig, Luc Meynet (3657 m) July 9–10: Attempt by E. Whymper, R. J. S. MacDonald, J. A. Carrel, Pession (3960 m) July 18–19: Solo attempt by E. Whymper (4084 m) July 23–24: Attempt by E. Whymper, J. A. Carrel, César Carrel, L. Meynet (4008 m) July 25–26: Attempt by E. Whymper, L. Meynet (4102 m) July 27–28: Attempt by J. Tyndall, Johann Joseph Bennen, Anton Walters, J. A. Carrel, C. Carrel. The Shoulder is reached (Pic Tyndall, 4258 m)

1863 August 10–11: Attempt by E. Whymper, J. A. Carrel, C. Carrel, L. Meynet and two porters (4047 m)

1865 June 21: Attempt from the south east face (Furggen couloir) by E. Whymper, Michel Croz, Christian Almer, Franz Biner, L. Meynet (3414 m) July: Attempt by J. A. Carrel, C. Carrel, Charles Gorret, Jean-Joseph Maquignaz. Pic Tyndall, 4258 m July 14: First ascent (Hörnli ridge) by E. Whymper, Francis Douglas, Charles Hudson, Douglas Hadow, Michel Croz, P. Taugwalder (father), Peter Taugwalder (son). Death of Douglas, Hudson, Hadow and Croz on the descent. July 17: Second ascent and first from the Italian side by J.-A. Carrel and Jean-Baptiste Bich. A. Gorret, of the 1857 attempt, and Jean-Augustin Meynet stop just short of the summit.

1867 August 15: 3rd ascent. Second ascent from Breuil by J. A. Carrel, J. B. Bich, and Salomon Meynet guiding Florence Crauford Grove. September 13: 4th ascent: First direct ascent of the Lion ridge as it is climbed today by Jean-Joseph and Jean-Pierre Maquignaz. October 1–3: 5th ascent: From Breuil. J. J. and J. P. Maquignaz, C. Carrel and François Ansermin guiding William Leighton Jordan.

1868 July 25: 6th ascent: Second ascent via the Hörnli ridge by Josef Marie Lochmatter and Peter Knubel guiding Julius Elliot. July 28: 7th ascent: First traverse of the summit (Lion and Hörnli ridges) by J. Tyndall, J. J. and J. P. Maquignaz. August 4: 8th ascent Second traverse of the summit (Hörnli and Lion ridges) by J. J. Maquignaz, Victor Maquignaz and Elie Pession guiding François Thioly and O. Hoiler. August 3–4: 9th ascent: P. Knubel, Hans Baumann, Peter Bernett guiding George Edward Foster. August 8: 10th ascent: J. M. Lochmatter, P. Knubel and Niklaus Knubel guiding Paul Güssfeldt.

1869 July 20: 15th ascent: J. A. Carrel, J. B. Bich, Alphonse Payot and Michel Payot guiding James Eccles. August 26: 16th ascent: Ascent of the Lion ridge by Joseph, Pierre and Emmanuel Maquignaz and B. Bich guiding Robert Boothby Heathcote; it was on this occasion that the guides fixed at the last bit the rope ladder which was called the Echelle Jordan, from the name of its donor.

1871 July 22: First ascent by a woman: Lucy Walker reached the summit with her father Frank Walker and Frederick Gardiner, guided by Heinrich and Melchior Anderegg, N. Knubel, P. Knubel and P. Perren. September 5: First traverse by a woman: Meta Brevoort with W.A.B. Coolidge guided by Christian Almer, Ulrich Almer and N. Knubel.

1872 July 26: Traverse Breuil-summit-Zermatt in 18 hours by J. J. Maquignaz and Anton Ritz guiding J. Jackson.

1876 July 23: First ascent without mountain guides by John Brise Colgrove, Albert Harold Cawood and Arthur Cust.

1879 September 3: First ascent via the Zmutt ridge by Albert F. Mummery, Alexander Burgener, Johann Petrus and Augustin Gentinetta. One hour later William Penhall, Ferdinand Imseng and Louis Zurbrücken finished the first ascent (partially) over the west face (significantly overlapping the Zmutt Ridge route) September 6: Second ascent of the Zmutt ridge by Baumann with guides J. Petrus and Émile Rey.

1880 July 16: A. Burgener, Benedikt Venetz and A. F. Mummery attempted the first ascent of the Furggen ridge. At the level of the Swiss Shoulder they were forced to traverse along the east face to the Swiss ridge, to climb to the summit by the ordinary route.

1881 August 4: Ascent by future US President Theodore Roosevelt, guided by Taugwalder.

1882 March 16: First winter ascent (Lion ridge) by J. A. Carrel, J. Baptiste Carrel and Louis Carrel guiding Vittorio Sella. Descent via the Hörnli ridge (17th).

1889 Ascent by Achille Ratti (later Pope Pius XI)

1894 Polish ascent by Marian Smoluchowski and other team.

1895 August 25: Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, A. F. Mummery and J. Norman Collie made the ascent with the guide Josef Pollinger. August 31: First descent of the Zmutt ridge by Matthias Zurbriggen and J. Pollinger guiding Lily Bristow.

1898 First solo ascent (Hörnli ridge) by Wilhelm Paulcke.

1906 September 1: First solo ascent of the Zmutt ridge by Hans Pfann.

1911 September 9: First ascent via the Furggen ridge by Mario Piacenza with guides Jean-Joseph Carrel and Joseph Gaspard. January 31: First winter ascent via the Hörnli ridge by Charles Francis Meade with the guides Josef Lochmatter and J. Pollinger.

1923 August 12: Attempt on the north face by Alfred Horeschowsky and Franz Piekielko. The summit was reached via the Hörnli ridge.

1928 August: Attempt on the north face by Kaspar Mooser and Victor Imboden.

1931 August 1: First ascent of the north face by the brothers Franz and Toni Schmid. October 15: First ascent of the south face by Enzo Benedetti with guides Louis Carrel and Maurice Bich.

1932 August 12–13: First all-female unguided ascent by Miriam Underhill (United States) and Alice Damesme (France). September 19: First complete ascent of the east face by Enzo Benedetti and Giuseppe Mazzotti with guides Louis and Lucien Carrel, M. Bich and Antoine Gaspard.

1934 Paul Petzoldt traversed the Matterhorn and then retraced his route over the summit on the same day.

1936 First winter solo ascent via the Hörnli ridge by Giusto Gervasutti.

1948 March 25: First winter ascent via the Zmutt ridge by Henri Masson and Edmund Petrig.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn

In research: Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics History of mountaineering, History of the Alps, Matterhorn, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn in 20 minutes

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Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn in simple terms?

Timeline 1857 July: First known attempt (from Breuil) by Jean-Antoine Carrel, Jean-Jacques Carrel, and Amé Gorret. 1858 August: Attempt by J. A. and J.

Why does Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Timeline of climbing the Matterhorn.