computer science

Timeline of hypertext technology

Timeline of hypertext technology is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Timeline of hypertext technology rather than just read about it. In short: This article presents a timeline of hypertext technology, including "hypermedia" and related human–computer interaction projects and developments from ancient times and up to the present day. The term hypertext is credited to the author and philosopher Ted Nelson.

Key takeaways

Timeline of hypertext technology belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Timeline of hypertext technology to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Timeline of hypertext technology from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This article presents a timeline of hypertext technology, including "hypermedia" and related human–computer interaction projects and developments from ancient times and up to the present day. The term hypertext is credited to the author and philosopher Ted Nelson. See also Graphical user interface, Multimedia; also Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine's Mundaneum, a massively cross-referenced card index system established in 1910.

700 BCE–600 CE 700 BCE–300 CE Ramayana 300 BCE–400 CE Mahabharata 300–600 CE Talmud

1930s 1939 James Joyce's "Finnegans Wake"

1940s 1941 Jorge Luis Borges' "The Garden of Forking Paths" 1945 Memex (concept by Vannevar Bush)

1960s 1960 Project Xanadu (concept) 1962 Marshall McLuhan's The Gutenberg Galaxy uses the term surfing 1967 Hypertext Editing System (HES) by Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson at Brown University 1968 FRESS (File Retrieval and Editing System, successor to HES) NLS (oN-Line System)

1970s 1972 ZOG 1973 Xerox Alto desktop 1976 PROMIS 1978 Aspen Movie Map 1979 PERQ

1980s 1980 ENQUIRE (not released) 1981 Electronic Document System (EDS, aka Document Presentation System) Kussmaul Encyclopedia Xerox Star desktop 1982 Guide 1983 Knowledge Management System (KMS, successor to ZOG) TIES (The Interactive Encyclopedia System, later HyperTies) 1984 NoteCards 1985 Intermedia (successor to FRESS and EDS) Symbolics Document Examiner (Symbolics workstations) Grolier Academic American Encyclopedia CD-ROM Edition 1986 Texinfo TextNet (a network-based approach to text handling) Neptune (a hypertext system for CAD applications) 1987 Macromedia Authorware Canon Cat ("Leap" function, interface) HyperCard Knowledge Navigator (concept described by former Apple Computer CEO John Sculley in his book Odyssey) Storyspace 1988 Microcosm (hypermedia system) (University of Southampton) 1989 Macromedia Director Information Management: a proposal, Tim Berners-Lee, CERN

1990s 1990 DynaText World Wide Web Hyperland (BBC documentary written by Douglas Adams) ToolBook HyTelnet WinHelp 1991 Gopher AmigaGuide 1995 Wiki 1996 Hyperwire (Kinetix) 1998 Everything2 XML 1999 RSS

2000s 2001 Wikipedia 2005 Atom (web standard) 2014 OpenXanadu, an implementation of Project Xanadu 2019 Gemini, a lightweight complement to the Web

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Timeline of hypertext technology

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Timeline of hypertext technology claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Timeline of hypertext technology before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Timeline of hypertext technology ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Timeline of hypertext technology

In research: Timeline of hypertext technology appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Timeline of hypertext technology in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Timeline of hypertext technology is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Computing timelines, History of the Internet, Hypertext, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Timeline of hypertext technology outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Timeline of hypertext technology in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Timeline of hypertext technology means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Timeline of hypertext technology out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Timeline of hypertext technology in simple terms?

Why does Timeline of hypertext technology matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Timeline of hypertext technology?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Timeline of hypertext technology.