computer science

Timeline of virtualization technologies

Timeline of virtualization technologies is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Timeline of virtualization technologies rather than just read about it. In short: In computing, virtualization is the use of a computer to simulate another computer. The following is a chronological list of virtualization technologies.

Key takeaways

Timeline of virtualization technologies belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Timeline of virtualization technologies to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Timeline of virtualization technologies from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In computing, virtualization is the use of a computer to simulate another computer. The following is a chronological list of virtualization technologies.

Timeline Note: This timeline is missing data for important historical systems, including: Atlas Computer (Manchester), GE 645, Burroughs B5000.

1960s

In the mid-1960s, IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center develops CP-40, the first version of CP/CMS. Experience on the CP-40 project provides input to the development of the IBM System/360 Model 67, announced in 1965. CP-40 is re-implemented for the S/360-67 as CP-67, and by April 1967, both versions are in daily production use.

1964 IBM Cambridge Scientific Center begins development of CP-40. 1965 IBM M44/44X, an experimental paging operating system, is in use at Thomas J. Watson Research Center. IBM announces the IBM System/360-67, a 32-bit CPU with virtual memory hardware (August 1965). 1966 IBM ships the S/360-67 computer in June 1966. IBM begins work on CP-67, a re-implementation of CP-40 for the S/360-67. 1967 In January, CP-40 goes into production time-sharing use, followed by CP-67 in April. 1968 CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites. CP/CMS is submitted to IBM Type-III Library by MIT's Lincoln Laboratory. Resale of CP/CMS access begins at time-sharing vendor National CSS (becoming a distinct version, eventually renamed VP/CSS).

1970s

IBM announces the System/370 in 1970. In 1972, IBM announces that virtual memory would be made available on all S/370 models, and also announces several virtual storage operating systems, including VM/370. By the mid-1970s, CP/CMS, VM, and VP/CSS are running on numerous large IBM mainframes.

1971 The first System/370, the S/370-155, is shipped in January. 1972 Announcement of virtual memory being added to System/370 series. VM/370 announced – and running on announcement date. VM/370 includes the ability to run VM under VM (previously implemented both at IBM and at user sites under CP/CMS, but not made part of standard releases) 1973 First shipment of announced virtual memory S/370 models (April: -158, May: -168). 1977 Initial commercial release of VAX/VMS, later renamed OpenVMS. 1979 The chroot system call is introduced during development of Version 7 Unix, laying a foundation for container virtualization.

1980s 1985 October 9, 1985: Announcement of the Intel 80286-based AT&T 6300+ with Simultask, a virtual machine monitor developed by Locus Computing Corporation in collaboration with AT&T, enabling the direct execution of an Intel 8086 realmode guest operating system under a host Unix System V Release 2 OS. 1987 January 1987: A "product evaluation" version of Merge/386 from Locus Computing Corporation is made available to OEMs. Merge/386 made use of the Virtual 8086 mode provided by the Intel 80386 processor, and supported multiple simultaneous virtual 8086 machines. The virtual machines supported unmodified guest operating systems and standalone programs such as Microsoft Flight Simulator; but in typical usage the guest was MS-DOS with a Locus proprietary redirector (also marketed for networked PCs as "PC-Interface") and a "network" driver that provided communication with a regular user-mode file server process running under the host operating system on the same machine. October 1987: Retail Version 1.0 of Merge/386 begins shipping, offered with Microport Unix System V Release 3. 1988 SoftPC 1.0 for Sun is introduced in 1988 by Insignia Solutions. [1] SoftPC appears in its first version for Apple Macintosh. These versions (Sun and Macintosh) only have support for DOS.

1990s 1991 IBM introduces OS/2 Virtual DOS machine (VDM) with support for x86 virtual 8086 mode, capable of virtualizing DOS/Windows and other 16 bit operating systems like CP/M-86 [2] 1994 Kevin Lawton leaves MIT Lincoln Lab and starts the Bochs project. Bochs was initially coded for x86 architecture, capable of emulating BIOS, processor and other x86-compatible hardware, by simple algorithms, isolated from the rest of the environment, eventually incorporating the ability to run different processor algorithms under x86-architecture or the host, including bios and core processor (Itanium x64, x86_64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, etc.), and with the advantage that the application is multi platform (BSD, Linux, Windows, Mac, Solaris). 1997 The first version of Virtual PC for the Macintosh platform is released in June 1997 by Connectix. 1998 June 15: Simics/sun4m is presented at USENIX'98, demonstrating full system simulation booting Linux 2.0.30 and Solaris 2.6 unmodified from dd'ed disks. [3]. October 26: VMware files for a patent on their techniques, which was granted as U.S. Patent 6,397,242 [4] 1999

February 8: VMware introduces the first x86 virtualization product for the Intel IA-32 architecture, known as VMware Virtual Platform, based on earlier research by its founders at Stanford University. VMware Virtual Platform is based on software emulation with a guest/host OS design that required all guest environments be stored as files under the host OS filesystem.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Timeline of virtualization technologies

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Timeline of virtualization technologies claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Timeline of virtualization technologies before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Timeline of virtualization technologies ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Timeline of virtualization technologies

In research: Timeline of virtualization technologies appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Timeline of virtualization technologies in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Timeline of virtualization technologies is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Computing timelines, Virtualization, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Timeline of virtualization technologies outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Timeline of virtualization technologies in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Timeline of virtualization technologies means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Timeline of virtualization technologies out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Timeline of virtualization technologies in simple terms?

In computing, virtualization is the use of a computer to simulate another computer. The following is a chronological list of virtualization technologies.

Why does Timeline of virtualization technologies matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Timeline of virtualization technologies?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Timeline of virtualization technologies.