astronomy

Tohru Fukuyama

Tohru Fukuyama is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tohru Fukuyama rather than just read about it. In short: Tohru Fukuyama (福山透, Fukuyama Tōru; born 9 August 1948) is a Japanese organic chemist and Professor of Chemistry at University of Tokyo in Japan. He discovered the Fukuyama coupling in 1998.

Key takeaways

Tohru Fukuyama belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tohru Fukuyama to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tohru Fukuyama from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Tohru Fukuyama (福山透, Fukuyama Tōru; born 9 August 1948) is a Japanese organic chemist and Professor of Chemistry at University of Tokyo in Japan. He discovered the Fukuyama coupling in 1998.

Biography Fukuyama studied chemistry at Nagoya University with degrees Bachelor's (1971) and Master's (1973) degrees. As a graduate student, he then worked at Harvard University, where he received his doctorate in 1977 as an academic student of Yoshito Kishi. Until 1978, he continued his research as a postdoc in the Department of Chemistry of Harvard University and then moved to Rice University as an assistant professor, where in 1988 he obtained the rank of a chair holder. In 1995, he accepted a professorship in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Tokyo, Japan. Since 2013, Fukuyama has been working as a professor at the Nagoya University - more precisely: Designated Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner Satoshi Ōmura is his old friend.

Achievements Fukuyama reduction Fukuyama indole synthesis Fukuyama coupling

Selected publications Practical Total Synthesis of (±)-Mitomycin C, T. Fukuyama and L.-H. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 8303–8304 (1989). Facile Reduction of Ethyl Thiol Esters to Aldehydes: Application to a Total Synthesis of (+)-Neothramycin A Methyl Ether, T. Fukuyama, S.-C. Lin, and L.-P. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112, 7050–7051 (1990). Total Synthesis of (+)-Leinamycin, Y. Kanda and T. Fukuyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 8451–8452 (1993). 2- and 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonamides: Exceptionally Versatile Means for Preparation of Secondary Amines and Protection of Amines, T. Fukuyama, C.-K. Jow, and M. Cheung, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6373–6374 (1995). “Radical Cyclization of 2-Alkenylthioanilides: A Novel Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles,” H. Tokuyama, T. Yamashita, M. T. Reding, Y. Kaburagi, and T. Fukuyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, 3791–3792 (1999). Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)-Vinblastine, S. Yokoshima, T. Ueda, S. Kobayashi, A. Sato, T. Kuboyama, H. Tokuyama, and T. Fukuyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 2137–2139 (2002). Total Synthesis of (+)-Yatakemycin, K. Okano, H. Tokuyama, and T. Fukuyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 7136–7137 (2006). A Practical Synthesis of (–)-Oseltamivir, N. Satoh, T. Akiba, S. Yokoshima, and T. Fukuyama, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46, 5734–5736 (2007). A Practical Synthesis of (–)-Kainic Acid, S. Takita, S. Yokoshima, and T. Fukuyama, Org. Lett., 13, 2068–2070 (2011). Total Synthesis of Ecteinascidin 743, F. Kawagishi, T. Toma, T. Inui, S. Yokoshima, and T. Fukuyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 13684–13687 (2013).

References "Advisory Board: Tohru Fukuyama". Royal Society Publishing. Homepage of Tohru Fukuyama CV of Fukuyama

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tohru Fukuyama

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tohru Fukuyama claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tohru Fukuyama before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tohru Fukuyama ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tohru Fukuyama

In research: Tohru Fukuyama appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tohru Fukuyama in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tohru Fukuyama is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1948 births, Academic staff of the University of Tokyo, Harvard University alumni, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tohru Fukuyama outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tohru Fukuyama in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tohru Fukuyama means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tohru Fukuyama out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tohru Fukuyama in simple terms?

Tohru Fukuyama (福山透, Fukuyama Tōru; born 9 August 1948) is a Japanese organic chemist and Professor of Chemistry at University of Tokyo in Japan. He discovered the Fukuyama coupling in 1998.

Why does Tohru Fukuyama matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tohru Fukuyama?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tohru Fukuyama.