astronomy

Tommaso A. Dragani

Tommaso A. Dragani is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tommaso A. Dragani rather than just read about it. In short: Tommaso A. Dragani is an Italian genetic epidemiologist whose research is focused on understanding the genetic control of complex phenotypes.

Key takeaways

Tommaso A. Dragani belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tommaso A. Dragani to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tommaso A. Dragani from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Tommaso A. Dragani is an Italian genetic epidemiologist whose research is focused on understanding the genetic control of complex phenotypes. Results from his studies allowed the chromosomal mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) modulating the genetic predisposition to liver, lung and skin tumorigenesis, in animal models. His population-based studies resulted in the identification of genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk and prognosis of lung cancer. He contributed to discovering the mechanism underlying the association between polymorphisms in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on chromosome 15 and the risks of lung cancer and nicotine dependence. He contributed with a genome-wide study to the pharmacogenomics of pain relief in response to opioid therapy for cancer pain.

Biography Dragani was born in Ortona, Italy, and studied pharmacy at the University of Bologna where he received and MPharm degree in 1977. He then joined the National Cancer Institute in Milan as a researcher. From June 1984 to June 1985, he was visiting scientist at the laboratory of Bernard Weinstein, Columbia University, and from September 1996 to February 1997 he was visiting scientist at the National Cancer Center Japan, working with Minako Nagao. In 1998, Dragani was appointed Director of the Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Research Unit at the National Cancer Institute in Milan. In 2007 he achieved a Masters in Medical Statistics and Statistical Methods in Epidemiology by the University of Milan.

Achievements Tommaso A. Dragani identified genetic loci that influence the hereditary predisposition to liver cancer (Cancer Res. 1993;53:209-11), lung cancer (Nat Genet. 1993;3:132-6; Nat Genet.1996;12:455-7), and skin cancer (Oncogene. 2000;19:5324-8). He characterized genes involved in the hereditary predisposition to lung cancer in mice and identified genetic loci that modulate the expression of these genes (PLoS Genet. 2014;10:e1004307; Cancer Lett. 2016;375:221-230). He conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) between genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer (J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:1672-8). He demonstrated that polymorphisms in the CHRNA5 gene promoter modulated the transcription of this gene, and thereby showed that genetic variants affected the risks of lung cancer and nicotine dependence (J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010;102:1366-70; Carcinogenesis. 2013;34:1281-5). He did a GWAS on pain relief in cancer patients treated with opioids, demonstrating that different genetic loci control the individual response to this therapy (Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:4581-7). He discovered the tumor-promoting activity of 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridiloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), a constitutive androstan receptor agonist ( [12] and he characterized carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

Memberships Tommaso A. Dragani participated as a member of International Working Groups on cancer research. In particular, he was Member of six IARC Monographs Working Groups on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. He, also, served as a Member of the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), an organization that aims to share data from ongoing lung cancer case-control and cohort studies, in particular regarding genetic association studies. The overall objectives are to reduce duplication of research effort, replicate novel findings, and afford substantial cost savings through large collaborative efforts.

Publications Tommaso A. Dragani published more than 180 peer-reviewed articles. His H-index is 40 (ResearchGate) and he has a ResearchGate score of 44.77. He is author of Human Polygenic Diseases: Animal Models.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tommaso A. Dragani

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tommaso A. Dragani claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tommaso A. Dragani before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tommaso A. Dragani ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tommaso A. Dragani

In research: Tommaso A. Dragani appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tommaso A. Dragani in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tommaso A. Dragani is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 20th-century Italian scientists, 21st-century Italian biologists, Cancer epidemiologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tommaso A. Dragani outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tommaso A. Dragani in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tommaso A. Dragani means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tommaso A. Dragani out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tommaso A. Dragani in simple terms?

Tommaso A. Dragani is an Italian genetic epidemiologist whose research is focused on understanding the genetic control of complex phenotypes.

Why does Tommaso A. Dragani matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tommaso A. Dragani?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tommaso A. Dragani.