astronomy

Toni Ashton

Toni Ashton is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Toni Ashton rather than just read about it. In short: Toni Ashton is a New Zealand health economist, and was a full professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in the funding and structure of health systems. Academic career Ashton completed a PhD titled Quasi-Markets and Contracting for Health Services at the University of Auckland.

Key takeaways

Toni Ashton belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Toni Ashton to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Toni Ashton from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Toni Ashton is a New Zealand health economist, and was a full professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in the funding and structure of health systems.

Academic career Ashton completed a PhD titled Quasi-Markets and Contracting for Health Services at the University of Auckland. Ashton then joined the faculty of the School of Population Health of the University of Auckland at Tāmaki, rising to full professor in 2012. Ashton has been part of the Child Poverty Action Group. Ashton's research focuses on how health reforms, and how health services are organised and funded. In 2013, she co-led a collaboration between New Zealand and Canada to investigate models of community care for complex health needs in older adults. The Canadian side of the five-year research project was led by Dr Walter Wodchis at the University of Toronto. In 2019, with Felicity Goodyear-Smith, Ashton published a critique of New Zealand's health system. Ashton and Goodyear-Smith's 2019 study identified seven areas of weakness in the system, including division between primary care and hospitals, inequity between treatments for injury versus disease, lack of funding, and workforce issues, and described how these weaknesses worsened inequitable access to healthcare. Ashton has also researched the cost of a healthy retirement in New Zealand. In 2010 Ashton, then an associate professor, was awarded a University of Auckland Sustained Excellence in Teaching award.

Selected works

Conroy Wong; Lata Jayaram; Noel Karalus; et al. (1 August 2012). "Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (EMBRACE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". The Lancet. 380 (9842): 660–667. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60953-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 22901887. Wikidata Q48399869. Raina Elley; Ngaire Kerse; Bruce Arroll; Boyd Swinburn; Toni Ashton; Elizabeth Robinson (17 December 2004). "Cost-effectiveness of physical activity counselling in general practice". The New Zealand Medical Journal. 117 (1207): U1216. ISSN 0028-8446. PMID 15608809. Wikidata Q50783045. Anita Lal; Marj Moodie; Toni Ashton; Mohammad Siahpush; Boyd Swinburn (1 December 2012). "Health care and lost productivity costs of overweight and obesity in New Zealand". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 36 (6): 550–556. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00931.x. ISSN 1326-0200. PMID 23216496. Wikidata Q43899994. Marion Haas; Toni Ashton; Kerstin Blum; et al. (7 June 2009). "Drugs, sex, money and power: an HPV vaccine case study". Health Policy. 92 (2–3): 288–295. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.05.002. ISSN 0168-8510. PMID 19505744. Wikidata Q39972866. Gregory Kolt; Grant M Schofield; Ngaire Kerse; Nick Garrett; Toni Ashton; Asmita Patel (1 May 2012). "Healthy Steps trial: pedometer-based advice and physical activity for low-active older adults". Annals of Family Medicine. 10 (3): 206–212. doi:10.1370/afm.1345. ISSN 1544-1709. PMC 3354969. PMID 22585884. Wikidata Q35968191. Jalal Mohammed; Nicola North; Toni Ashton (15 November 2015). "Decentralisation of Health Services in Fiji: A Decision Space Analysis". International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 5 (3): 173–181. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.199. ISSN 2322-5939. PMC 4770923. PMID 26927588. Wikidata Q38675492.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Toni Ashton

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Toni Ashton claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Toni Ashton before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Toni Ashton ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Toni Ashton

In research: Toni Ashton appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Toni Ashton in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Toni Ashton is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 21st-century New Zealand economists, Academic staff of the University of Auckland, Health economists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Toni Ashton outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Toni Ashton in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Toni Ashton means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Toni Ashton out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Toni Ashton in simple terms?

Toni Ashton is a New Zealand health economist, and was a full professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in the funding and structure of health systems. Academic career Ashton completed a PhD titled Quasi-Markets and Contracting for Health Services at the University of Auckland.

Why does Toni Ashton matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Toni Ashton?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Toni Ashton.