chemistry

Tozadenant

Tozadenant is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tozadenant rather than just read about it. In short: Tozadenant (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name; developmental code names RO4494351 and SYN-115) is an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist which was under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and liver disorders but was never marketed due to safety concerns. It is taken orally.

Key takeaways

Tozadenant belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tozadenant to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tozadenant from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Tozadenant (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name; developmental code names RO4494351 and SYN-115) is an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist which was under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and liver disorders but was never marketed due to safety concerns. It is taken orally. Tozadenant was under development by Roche, Acorda Therapeutics, and Biotie Therapies. It reached phase 3 clinical trials for Parkinson's disease prior to the discontinuation of its development. The development of tozadenant was discontinued due to findings of agranulocytosis and associated serious adverse effects in clinical trials including five patient deaths.

See also Adenosine receptor antagonist List of investigational Parkinson's disease drugs

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tozadenant

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tozadenant claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tozadenant before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tozadenant ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tozadenant

In research: Tozadenant appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tozadenant in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tozadenant is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 4-Morpholinyl compounds, Abandoned drugs, Adenosine receptor antagonists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tozadenant outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tozadenant in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tozadenant means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tozadenant out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tozadenant in simple terms?

Why does Tozadenant matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tozadenant?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tozadenant.