biology

Traklosia

Traklosia is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Traklosia rather than just read about it. In short: Traklosia is a genus of nematodes. The genus was originally circumscribed in 1961 under the deprecated name Robertia.

Key takeaways

Traklosia belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Traklosia to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Traklosia from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Traklosia is a genus of nematodes. The genus was originally circumscribed in 1961 under the deprecated name Robertia. It consists of three species found in Brazil and Cuba, and they are parasites of millipedes.

Taxonomic history In 2015, Ernest C. Bernard and Gary Phillips coined Traklosia as nomen novum for Robertia. The word Traklosia comes from the first three letters in the surnames of L. Travassos and G. R. Kloss. Travassos and Kloss had circumscribed the genus Robertia for their newly-described species Robertia leiperi in 1961. The generic name Robertia was unavailable because a senior homonym, the synapsid genus Robertia, was named in 1948. Traklosia is the type genus of the family Traklosiidae, which was changed from Robertiidae. The genus Triumphalisnema is in the same family. Travassos and Kloss initially placed their genus Robertia in a new subfamily Robertiinae in the family Thelastomatidae. George Poinar Jr. recognized Robertiidae as its own family in 1977. In 1989, Adamson synonymized Robertiidae with Thelastomatidae. The family Traklosiidae is thought to be valid according to Gary Phillips and colleagues.

Species As of 2015, three species are recognized in the genus Traklosia. All of them were initially described with the generic name Robertia. The three species are: T. cubana, T. leiperi, and T. longicauda. The type species is T. leiperi, under its original combination Robertia leiperi. T. cubana was described in 1984 by S. E. Spiridonov of the USSR Academy of Science. T. leiperi was described in 1961 by L. Travassos and G. R. Kloss of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute. T. longicauda was described in 1995 by Nayla García, Alberto Coy, and Marianela Álvarez, all parasitologists at the Cuban Academy of Sciences.

Diagnosis and description Females in this genus are very small. The female reproductive system has only one genital tract. Their uteri are parallel and oriented to their posterior. They bear a single egg at a time, and eggs are ovalish. Their vagina points anteriorly and is in the posterior third of their body (excluding the tail). Males have a caudal extremity which suddenly narrows half-way making its end thread-like. Their genital cone is well developed.

Distribution Traklosia is found in South America and the West Indies. T. cubana and T. longicauda are both found in Cuba: T. cubana has been recorded in Guantánamo along the Carretera Central between Imías and Baracoa, and T. longicauda has been recorded in the National Botanical Garden in Havana. T. leiperi has been recorded in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro.

Hosts Traklosia species infect hosts in the orders Coleoptera and Diplopoda. T. cubana and T. longicauda have both been found in the millipede genus Rhinocricus: T. cubana has been found in an unspecified Rhinocricus species and T. longicauda has been found in R. duvernoyi. T. leiperi has been found in the millipede species Eurydesmus ruidus.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Traklosia

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Traklosia claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Traklosia before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Traklosia ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Traklosia

In research: Traklosia appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Traklosia in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Traklosia is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Parasites of arthropods, Rhabditida genera, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Traklosia outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Traklosia in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Traklosia means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Traklosia out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Traklosia in simple terms?

Traklosia is a genus of nematodes. The genus was originally circumscribed in 1961 under the deprecated name Robertia.

Why does Traklosia matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Traklosia?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Traklosia.