biology

Tremella parmeliarum

Tremella parmeliarum is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tremella parmeliarum rather than just read about it. In short: Tremella parmeliarum is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Tremellaceae. Its host is the foliose lichen species Parmotrema reticulatum.

Key takeaways

Tremella parmeliarum belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tremella parmeliarum to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tremella parmeliarum from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Tremella parmeliarum is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Tremellaceae. Its host is the foliose lichen species Parmotrema reticulatum.

Taxonomy The fungus was formally described as a new species in 1996 by the Luxembourger mycologist Paul Diederich. The type specimen was collected in Papua New Guinea, specifically in the Madang Province's Huon Peninsula, within the Finisterre Range, Yupna Valley, near Teptep village. The specimen was found growing on Rimelia reticulata and was collected on 30 July 1992 by Diederich, who designated it as the holotype. Since then, the fungus has been reported from several host lichens in the family Parmulariaceae, and was then considered a species complex. Many of these taxa formerly thought to be T. parmeliarum are now considered as independent species that are host-specific. The specific host for Tremella parmeliarum is Parmotrema reticulatum. Close relatives of T. parmeliarum—all of which are lichenicolous—include T. flavoparmeliae, T. puncteliae, T. parmohypotropi, and T. puncteliotegens.

Description The basidiomata (fruiting bodies) of Tremella parmeliarum are lichenicolous, growing on the thalli of species in the genus Parmotrema. They manifest as superficial, brownish galls that are typically convex, with constricted bases and often lobed or tuberculate features, ranging from 0.4 to 4 mm in diameter. The structure lacks hyphidia. The basidia are 2–4 celled, with longitudinal, oblique, or transverse septa (internal partitions), measuring 12–23 by 5–15 μm. The basidiospores are 5–8 by 4–7 μm. Mature asteroconidia are also present.

Distribution Tremella parmeliarum has a broad distribution, occurring across various regions. It has been found in Europe, including Ireland and Portugal, and in Macaronesia, with records from the Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira. In North America, it is present in Mexico and the US, specifically in Alabama, Arkansas, and Virginia. The fungus is also found in Central America, particularly in Panama, and in the Caribbean, including the Dominican Republic. In South America, it has been reported in Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Ecuador. Its distribution extends to the Indian Ocean, with a presence in Madagascar, and it is found in Asia, including India and Nepal. Additionally, Tremella parmeliarum occurs in Oceania, including Australia and Papua New Guinea.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tremella parmeliarum

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tremella parmeliarum claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tremella parmeliarum before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tremella parmeliarum ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tremella parmeliarum

In research: Tremella parmeliarum appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tremella parmeliarum in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tremella parmeliarum is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Fungi described in 1996, Fungi of Africa, Fungi of Asia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tremella parmeliarum outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tremella parmeliarum in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tremella parmeliarum means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tremella parmeliarum out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tremella parmeliarum in simple terms?

Tremella parmeliarum is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Tremellaceae. Its host is the foliose lichen species Parmotrema reticulatum.

Why does Tremella parmeliarum matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tremella parmeliarum?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tremella parmeliarum.