Trimeresurus arunachalensis, the Arunachal pitviper, is a species of venomous pit viper endemic to the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. It is only known from the village of Ramda in the West Kameng district, where a single specimen was discovered during biodiversity surveys.
It can physically be distinguished by its scalation, its acutely pointed snout reminiscent of the hump-nosed viper (Hypnale hypnale), and its brownish dorsal coloration with glossy orange-reddish-brown sides and belly. The last new species of (green) pit viper was described from India 70 years before the discovery of T. arunachalensis. Genetic analysis indicates that the closest relative of this species is the Tibetan bamboo pit viper (T. tibetanus). Only a handful observations of this species exist and that makes it one of the rarest known pit vipers in the world, though further surveys of the forest habitat will likely reveal more individuals. This species is also known to have multiple morphs. The first observation of this species had a reddish-brown morph description but later observations have had a mixed green and a dark green individual reported.
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