science

Trygve Hoff

Trygve Hoff is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Trygve Hoff rather than just read about it. In short: See Trygve Henrik Hoff for the singer, composer and artist. Trygve J.

Key takeaways

Trygve Hoff belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Trygve Hoff to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Trygve Hoff from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

See Trygve Henrik Hoff for the singer, composer and artist.

Trygve J. B. Hoff (12 November 1895 – 4 January 1982) born in Kristiana, Norway was a Norwegian businessman, writer and editor of Farmand, the Norwegian business magazine.

Background Hoff was born in Oslo as a son of lawyer Alf Eid Rosenberg Hoff and Margrethe Jacobsen. Throughout his life Hoff remained attached to the Hoff family estate at Tjøme. In 1916, Hoff graduated from the Royal Frederick University with a degree in economics. After his graduation, he travelled to France; then later to the United States, where he studied banking and finance and worked on Wall Street. He was first married to Astrid Henriette Gundersen in August 1920 until her death in 1947. They had three children: Per Reinhardt Hoff (born 1922), Margrethe Hoff (born 1924), and Ole-Jacob Hoff (born 1928). Later on, he married Aase Synnøve Bye on 18 September 1948.

Career Though he started writing in Dagbladet as an economics writer in 1920, Hoff was well known for being an editor and writer in Farmand, a business magazine he bought in 1935. Hoff built Farmand to become the leading Norwegian business magazine of his time. At Farmand, he was well known for being an outspoken editor. He also made a clear policy that Farmand should be an apolitical body for the industry's freedom. In an article he wrote in 1935, he said: "We look not only at this battle for corporate social freedom from an economic standpoint. We regard it as part of the struggle for personal liberty and freedom of speech. Both the dictatorship States and in home runs fight against corporate social freedom go hand in hand with the fight against personal freedom and freedom of expression."

Political views While studying economics at the University of Oslo in 1938, he became interested in the economic calculation debate and engaged in it on the side of the Austrian School which became his doctoral dissertation ("Calculation in a Socialist Planned Economy"). His doctoral dissertation was however ignored, and researchers point to the political views of his professors most prominently Ragnar Frisch strong socialist-leanings and Norwegian Labour Party affiliations and the post-World War political atmosphere as being perhaps the cause of this underappreciation. As well during the German occupation of Norway 1940–1945, Hoff was put in jail by the Germans for his political views. Farmand was banned by the occupation government and was therefore not published in the occupation years 1940–1945.

Mont Pelerin Society Trygve Hoff was one of the founding member of the Mont Pelerin Society. As author, he contributed to the economic calculation debate, starting with his 1938 book Økonomisk kalkulasjon i socialistiske samfund (English: Economic Calculation in the Socialist Society).

Publications

Farmand Norsk Forretningsblad, 1938–1982 The following are the books that were authored by Hoff:

Økonomisk kalkulasjon i socialistiske samfund, 1938 Fred og fremtid: liberokratiets vei, 1945 Västerländsk frihet eller asiatiskt tvång, 1946 Why We Take the Trouble, 1946 La socialisation en Norvège, 1953 Snigende socialisering eller snigende liberalisering, 1955 Trygve J.B. Hoff: Tanker og idéer, 1975, ISBN 8203080510 Ny kulturpolitikk: frå ord til handling, 1978 with Lars Hauge, ISBN 8252108458

References

Bibliography Economic Calculation in the Socialist Society (Full Text; 1938)

Illustrations

Trygve Hoff: Hoff (left) at the Mont Pelerin Society — Hoff (left) at the Mont Pelerin Society

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Trygve Hoff

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Trygve Hoff claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Trygve Hoff before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Trygve Hoff ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Trygve Hoff

In research: Trygve Hoff appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Trygve Hoff in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Trygve Hoff is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1895 births, 1982 deaths, 20th-century Norwegian businesspeople, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Trygve Hoff outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Trygve Hoff in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Trygve Hoff means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Trygve Hoff in simple terms?

See Trygve Henrik Hoff for the singer, composer and artist. Trygve J.

Why does Trygve Hoff matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Trygve Hoff?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Trygve Hoff.