science

Tshekardocoleidae

Tshekardocoleidae is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Tshekardocoleidae rather than just read about it. In short: Tshekardocoleidae is an extinct family of stem group beetles, known from the Early Permian. They represent some of the earliest known beetles.

Key takeaways

Tshekardocoleidae belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Tshekardocoleidae to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Tshekardocoleidae from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Tshekardocoleidae is an extinct family of stem group beetles, known from the Early Permian. They represent some of the earliest known beetles. They first appeared during the Cisuralian, before becoming extinct at the beginning of the Guadalupian. A claimed Jurassic record is doubtful. Like other primitive beetles, they are thought to have been xylophagous. The oldest known beetle, Coleopsis, was originally assigned to this family, but is now assigned to its own family Coleopsidae. The Tshekardocoleidae are thought to have retained several plesiomorphies (ancestral characters) of Coleoptera in a broad sense. For instance, their elytra are flattened, lack epipleura (outer margins), cover the body loosely, and their tips extend beyond the apex of the abdomen. Their abdomens have a nearly cylindrical shape and are thought to have been flexible, apparently being able to strongly contract and expand. In extant beetles, the elytra are tight-fitting, forming a subelytral space which is absent in Tshekardocoleidae. The elytra also have remnants of veins, and have rows of "window punctures" between them. Such window punctures are also present in other stem-group beetle families, but in extant beetles are present only in Cupedidae and Ommatidae.

Taxonomy

Kirejtshuk (2020) included the following genera in Tshekardocoleidae

†Avocoleus Ponomarenko, 1969 – Obora site (Early Permian, Sakmarian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Moravia, Czech Republic †Avocoleus fractus (Kukalová, 1969) (Type species) †Avocoleus neglegens (Kukalová, 1969) †Boscoleus Kukalová, 1969 – Obora site (Early Permian, Sakmarian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Moravia, Czech Republic †Boscoleus blandus Kukalová, 1969 (Type species) †Eocoleus Kukalová, 1969 – Obora site (Early Permian, Sakmarian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Moravia, Czech Republic †Eocoleus scaber Kukalová, 1969 (Type species) †Moravocoleus Kukalová, 1969 – Obora site (Early Permian, Sakmarian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Moravia, Czech Republic †Moravocoleus permianus Kukalová, 1969 (Type species) †Permocoleus Lubkin & Engel, 2005 – Midco Member (Early Permian, Artinskian, 290.1 to 279.3 Ma); Noble County, Oklahoma, USA †Permocoleus wellingtoniensis Lubkin & Engel, 2005 (Type species) †Prosperocoleus Kukalová, 1969 – Obora site (Early Permian, Sakmarian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Moravia, Czech Republic †Prosperocoleus prosperus Kukalová, 1969 (Type species) †Retelytron Kukalová, 1965 – Obora site (Early Permian, Sakmarian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Moravia, Czech Republic †Retelytron conopeum Kukalová, 1965 (Type species) †Sylvacoleodes Ponomarenko, 1963 – Tshekarda site (Early Permian, Kungurian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Suksun, Perm Krai, Russia †Sylvacoleodes admirandus Ponomarenko, 1963 (Type species) †Sylvacoleus Ponomarenko, 1963 – Tshekarda site (Early Permian, Kungurian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Suksun, Perm Krai, Russia †Sylvacoleus richteri Ponomarenko, 1963 (Type species) †Sylvacoleus sharovi Ponomarenko, 1963 †Tshekardocoleus Rohdendorf, 1944 – Tshekarda site (Early Permian, Kungurian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Suksun, Perm Krai, Russia †Tshekardocoleus magnus Rohdendorf, 1944 (Type species) †Tshekardocoleus minor Ponomarenko, 1963 †Umoricoleus Kukalová, 1969 – Obora site (Early Permian, Sakmarian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Moravia, Czech Republic †Umoricoleus perplex Kukalová, 1969 (Type species) †Votocoleus Kukalová, 1969 – Obora site (Early Permian, Sakmarian, 295 to 290.1 Ma); Moravia, Czech Republic †Votocoleus submissus Kukalová, 1969 (Type species) The genus Uralocoleus had been placed in the family by some authors, but the type species Uralocoleus splendens Zalessky 1947 was considered incertae sedis by Kirejtshuk (2020), as the type specimen is in bad condition and cannot be reliably compared with other members of the family, and the second species placed in the genus "Uralocoleus" ultimus was rejected from placement in Uralocoleus and listed as "genus incertus" ultimus Ponomarenko, 2000, because it was based on an isolated elytron that could either belong to a beetle or a cockroach. The genus Dictyocoleus, described from the Jurassic and containing only the type species Dictyocoleus jurassicus Hong, 1982, was originally placed in the family but was excluded by Kirejtshuk (2020).

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Tshekardocoleidae

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Tshekardocoleidae claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Tshekardocoleidae before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Tshekardocoleidae ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Tshekardocoleidae

In research: Tshekardocoleidae appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Tshekardocoleidae in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Tshekardocoleidae is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Beetle families, Cisuralian animals, Permian insects, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Tshekardocoleidae outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Tshekardocoleidae in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Tshekardocoleidae means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Tshekardocoleidae out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Tshekardocoleidae in simple terms?

Tshekardocoleidae is an extinct family of stem group beetles, known from the Early Permian. They represent some of the earliest known beetles.

Why does Tshekardocoleidae matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Tshekardocoleidae?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Tshekardocoleidae.