engineering

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase (EC 6.3.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysine + D-alanyl-D-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D- alanine The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-al…

Key takeaways

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase (EC 6.3.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysine + D-alanyl-D-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D- alanine The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysine, and D-alanyl-D-alanine, whereas its 4 products are ADP, phosphate, UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine. This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases).

Nomenclature The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine:D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming). Other names in common use include MurF synthetase, UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine, synthetase, UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-lysine-D-alanyl-D-alanine, ligase, uridine diphosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide synthetase, UDPacetylmuramoylpentapeptide synthetase, and UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-L-Lys:D-Ala-D-Ala ligase. This enzyme participates in lysine biosynthesis and peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

References

Ito E, Strominger JL (1962). "Enzymatic synthesis of the peptide in bacterial uridine nucleotides II. Enzymatic synthesis and addition of D-alanyl-D-alanine". J. Biol. Chem. 237: 2696–2703. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)73809-5. van Heijenoort J (October 2001). "Recent advances in the formation of the bacterial peptidoglycan monomer unit". Natural Product Reports. 18 (5): 503–19. doi:10.1039/a804532a. PMID 11699883.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase

In research: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 6.3.2, Enzymes of known structure, Ligase stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase in simple terms?

In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase (EC 6.3.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysine + D-alanyl-D-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl…

Why does UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase.