astronomy

UGC 11861

UGC 11861 is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand UGC 11861 rather than just read about it. In short: UGC 11861 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Cepheus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1334 ± 10 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 19.68 ± 1.39 Mpc (~64.2 million light-years).

Key takeaways

UGC 11861 belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect UGC 11861 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of UGC 11861 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

UGC 11861 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Cepheus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1334 ± 10 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 19.68 ± 1.39 Mpc (~64.2 million light-years). In addition, three non redshift measurements give a distance of 18.933 ± 5.26 Mpc (~61.7 million light-years). The first known reference to this galaxy comes from volume IV of the Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies compiled by Fritz Zwicky in 1968, where it was listed as CGCG 343-003, and described as an "extremely diffuse spiral". The SIMBAD database lists UGC 11861 as an active galaxy nucleus candidate, i.e. it has a compact region at the center that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars. In addition, the galaxy contains two broad spiral arms wrapping around its central region.

Supernovae Three supernovae have been observed in UGC 11861:

SN 1995ag (Type II, mag. 17) was discovered by Jean Mueller on 28 September 1995. SN 1997db (Type II, mag. 16.9) was discovered by Michael Schwartz on 2 August 1997. SN 2011dm (Type Ia, mag. 18.8) was discovered by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) on 15 June 2011.

References

External links Media related to PGC 67671 at Wikimedia Commons UGC 11861 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with UGC 11861

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what UGC 11861 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to UGC 11861 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about UGC 11861 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of UGC 11861

In research: UGC 11861 appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses UGC 11861 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: UGC 11861 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Astronomical objects discovered in 1968, Barred spiral galaxies, Barred spiral galaxy stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for UGC 11861 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study UGC 11861 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what UGC 11861 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain UGC 11861 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is UGC 11861 in simple terms?

Why does UGC 11861 matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study UGC 11861?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on UGC 11861.