earth science

NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101)

NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) rather than just read about it. In short: NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101), originally USC&GS Oceanographer (OSS O1), was an American Oceanographer-class oceanographic research vessel in service in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1966 to 1970 and in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1970 to 1996. She was the second Coast and Geodetic Survey ship and first NOAA ship to bear the name Oceanographer.

Key takeaways

NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101), originally USC&GS Oceanographer (OSS O1), was an American Oceanographer-class oceanographic research vessel in service in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1966 to 1970 and in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1970 to 1996. She was the second Coast and Geodetic Survey ship and first NOAA ship to bear the name Oceanographer. She served as flagship of both the Coast and Geodetic Survey and NOAA fleets.

Construction Designed by the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD), Oceanographer was laid down on 22 July 1963 by Gibbs Shipyards at Jacksonville, Florida, under contract to Aerojet General Shipyards and launched on 18 April 1964. Constructed under MARAD's supervision, she was completed on 20 April 1966, at 303 feet (92 meters) in length the largest vessel constructed for research purposes to date. Her stark white paint, large radome aft of the funnels, and heavy crane on the aft deck gave her a distinctive appearance. She had chemistry, wet and dry oceanographic, meteorological, gravimetric, and photographic laboratories. She also had several precision oceanographic winches.

Operational career USC&GS Oceanographer (OSS 01) was commissioned as an "ocean survey ship" (OSS) with the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., on 13 July 1966 under the command of Captain Arthur L. Wardwell, USESSA. With her home port at Seattle, Washington, she was the second Coast and Geodetic Survey ship of the name, and served as flagship of the Survey's fleet. When the Coast and Geodetic Survey and other United States Government agencies combined to form NOAA on 3 October 1970, she became the research ship NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101), the first NOAA ship to bear the name, as well as flagship of the NOAA fleet.

During her 30 years of service, Oceanographer sailed over 2,000,000 nautical miles (3,700,000 km) in every major ocean. In 1967 she departed Jacksonville on 31 March on a "world science and ambassadorial cruise" which took her from the United States East Coast to the United States West Coast via the North Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean, making many good-will stops along the way before concluding the voyage by arriving at Seattle on 11 December. In 1968, she supported Project Sea Use, a multi-party expedition to Cobb Seamount in the North Pacific Ocean which developed much of the initial scientific understanding of the seamount. In 1969 she completed the circumnavigation of the globe she began in March 1967 when she returned to the U.S. East Coast. Other highlights of Oceanographer's career included participation in the first large-scale, coordinated international sea-air interaction survey, known as the BOMEX Study, in 1969, and environmental base-line studies on deep-ocean mining (DOMES). In 1980, Oceanographer became the first U.S. Government vessel allowed into a port of the People's Republic of China. Oceanographer was placed in reserve in July 1981. She underwent a major refit in which she received an Alden weatherfax, a Sperry Mark 37 gyro, a Raytheon X-band Pathfinder radar, Inmarsat, an MX1102 Global Positioning System, a new salinometer, a Shipboard Environmental Acquisition System with expendable bathythermograph gear, a new meteorological station, and a Doppler current profiling system, and returned to service with this new equipment on 8 April 1986. Placed in reserve in 1989, she later returned to service again.

Final disposition Oceanographer and NOAA Ships Discoverer and Malcolm Baldridge, ex-Researcher, were replaced by Ronald H. Brown under the NOAA Fleet Modernization Program in the 1990s. After her decommissioning in 1996, Oceanographer was sold to the Kirkland Yacht Club Marina of Kirkland, Washington, to act as a breakwater and was renamed MV Protector. Protector was tied up at the marina from 1997 to 2005. After G Shipping Ltd., a Malta-based company controlled by Italian race-car driver and hotelier Emanuele Garosci, purchased Protector for US$6.5 million, Protector was renamed MV Sahara in August 2005 and towed to a Seattle, Washington, shipyard to be refitted at a projected cost of US$10 million as a luxury floating hotel which could travel from port to port. A poor economy resulted in the postponement of the major renovation phase of the project, but a small work crew began tearing out small cabins that had housed embarked scientists during the ship's time with NOAA to clear the way for the eventual construction of restaurants and luxury hotel rooms. On 21 October 2010, a member of the crew, 33-year-old Lia Hawkins, disappeared while working aboard Sahara while going to dump scrap metal into a recycling container. Her body was found in the water near the container the following day, and an autopsy determined that she had drowned. After a lawsuit was filed alleging that G Shipping had done nothing to ensure the safety of workers aboard Sahara, resulting in Hawkins falling overboard to her death, courts awarded $3.45 million to Hawkins's estate on 24 April 2013. G Shipping apparently had the ship claimed by the courts in lieu of payment. By 2016, the conversion project had been canceled and Sahara was for sale for US$1,200,000. She was scrapped in Mexico in 2019.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101)

In research: NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1964 ships, IMO numbers, Maritime incidents in 2010, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) in simple terms?

Why does NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101) matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on NOAAS Oceanographer (R 101).