biology

Ulmus bergmanniana

Ulmus bergmanniana is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Ulmus bergmanniana rather than just read about it. In short: Ulmus bergmanniana C.K.Schneid., commonly known as Bergmann's elm, is a deciduous tree found across much of China in forests at elevations of 1500–3000 m. Description The tree is very closely related to the wych elm Ulmus glabra; it can reach a height of 26 metres (85 ft) with a wide-spreading crown, and a trunk of about 0.9 m d.b.h.

Key takeaways

Ulmus bergmanniana belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Ulmus bergmanniana to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Ulmus bergmanniana from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Ulmus bergmanniana C.K.Schneid., commonly known as Bergmann's elm, is a deciduous tree found across much of China in forests at elevations of 1500–3000 m.

Description The tree is very closely related to the wych elm Ulmus glabra; it can reach a height of 26 metres (85 ft) with a wide-spreading crown, and a trunk of about 0.9 m d.b.h. The bark is longitudinally fissured, and varies in colour from greyish-white to dark grey. The pubescent leaves range from obovate to elliptic, less than 16 cm (6.3 in) long, and bluish-green when mature. Schneider's leaf-drawing (1907) shows a short wych-like petiole. The perfect, wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed by generally obovate samarae <30 mm long by 14 mm width, the centre of the seed about 7 mm from the slightly notched apex. Branchlets do not possess the corky wings characteristic of many other elm species.

Pests and diseases U. bergmanniana has a moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease; in trials in Oklahoma it was also found to be eschewed by the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola [3], but further north at the Morton Arboretum was moderately to highly preferred by the insect. The species is also susceptible to the elm leafminer.

Cultivation The tree was introduced to the West in 1900. In trials in the USA it was found to propagate well, and also proved to be very winter hardy. The tree was one of 12 Chinese species under evaluation at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois, in 2009 by the late Dr George Ware. There are no known cultivars of this taxon.

Subspecies & varieties Two varieties are recognized: var. bergmanniana L.K.Fu, and var. lasiophylla C.K.Schneid..

Etymology The species was named by Camillo Karl Schneider for his friend Carl Bergmann, who assisted in indexing the work in which it was published.

Accessions North America Brenton Arboretum, US. Chicago Botanic Garden, US. Planted in West Collections Area. Denver Botanic Gardens, US. No acc. no. available. Morton Arboretum, US. acc. no. 44-95 Archived 2009-03-12 at the Wayback Machine. Obtained from Yunnan Province, China. United States National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., US. Acc. nos. 68997, 76216, 76217, 76242, 68977. Europe Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection. Planted 2013 Smeerdijkgaarde, Kortenhoef.

Nurseries Europe Pan-Global Plants [4], Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, UK.

References

External links U. bergmanniana description, efloras.org U. bergmanniana leaves and fruit illustration, efloras.org Photographs (tree, leaves and fruit) labelled U. bergmanniana (18 pages) on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant U. bergmanniana, Kew Gardens 'Plants of the World Online' (herbarium specimen not matching efloras illustration above) U. bergmanniana description, and photographs labelled Bergmann's elm, ulmen-handbuch.de

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Ulmus bergmanniana

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Ulmus bergmanniana claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Ulmus bergmanniana before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Ulmus bergmanniana ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Ulmus bergmanniana

In research: Ulmus bergmanniana appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Ulmus bergmanniana in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Ulmus bergmanniana is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Elm species and varieties, Flora of China, Trees of Asia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Ulmus bergmanniana outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Ulmus bergmanniana in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Ulmus bergmanniana means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Ulmus bergmanniana out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Ulmus bergmanniana in simple terms?

Ulmus bergmanniana C.K.Schneid., commonly known as Bergmann's elm, is a deciduous tree found across much of China in forests at elevations of 1500–3000 m. Description The tree is very closely related to the wych elm Ulmus glabra; it can reach a height of 26 metres (85 ft) with a wide-spreading crow…

Why does Ulmus bergmanniana matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Ulmus bergmanniana?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Ulmus bergmanniana.