biology

Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis

Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis rather than just read about it. In short: Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis Rehder, the Nikko elm, was discovered as a seedling near Lake Chūzenji, near Nikkō, Japan, and obtained by the Arnold Arboretum in 1905. The taxonomy of the tree remains a matter of contention, and has been considered possibly a hybrid of U. laciniata and U. davidiana var. japonica.

Key takeaways

Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis Rehder, the Nikko elm, was discovered as a seedling near Lake Chūzenji, near Nikkō, Japan, and obtained by the Arnold Arboretum in 1905. The taxonomy of the tree remains a matter of contention, and has been considered possibly a hybrid of U. laciniata and U. davidiana var. japonica. However, in crossability experiments at the Arnold Arboretum in the 1970s, U. laciniata, a protogynous species, was found to be incompatible with U. davidiana var. japonica, which is protandrous. Significantly, the variety was not recognized by Ohwi, though his reasons are not clear. Kew's 'Plants of the World Online' treats var. nikkoensis as a synonym of U. laciniata.

Description Var. nikkoensis is a small tree; the specimen at the Morton Arboretum likened to a cherry tree. The tree is chiefly distinguished by leaves which are red on emergence, and toothed but not lobed as in the species. The perfect apetalous wind-pollinated flowers appear in March in England.

Pests and diseases Heybroek found the tree provided 'relatively resistant' (to DED) progeny in the Dutch elm breeding programme.

Cultivation There are no known cultivars of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the United States.

Etymology Var. nikkoensis is named for the Nikkō National Park near the city of Nikkō, 125 km north of Tokyo.

Accessions North America Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 17908, collected wild in Japan. Dawes Arboretum US.Newark, Ohio, US. 2 trees, no acc. details available. Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 180–84, received 28 February 1978 as scions from Arnold Arboretum (their accession #17908-D); 9 m tall in 2006. Europe Grange Farm Arboretum, Sutton St James, Spalding, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 515 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Acc. no. not known. Great Fontley Farm, Fareham, UK, Butterfly Conservation Elm Trials plantation, Home Field (4 specimens, 'Putatives' above), Platt (1 specimen), all planted 2002, grown from seed collected Liaoning, China, collected by Dr George Ware, Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, US.

Putative specimens Trees at Great Fontley, Fareham, in southern England, grown from seed sent from Morton Arboretum and reputedly sourced in Liaoning Province, China, that were thought for many years to be Ulmus davidiana, have fruit and short petioles inconsistent with that species, but matching descriptions and photographs of Ulmus laciniata. Their leaves, to date (2023) lacking long extra tips, recall those of var. nikkoensis. In trials conducted by Butterfly Conservation, the specimens at Great Fontley often grew too rapidly in the comparatively benign conditions, the narrow stem unable to bear the weight of the burgeoning crown, leaving the tree arching to the ground. The same trees commenced flowering when aged nine years, in mid-March. They were defoliated at the crown by DED when only 6 years old and < 4 m (13 ft) high, but recovered. They were, however, heavily afflicted by slime flux during the exceptional drought of summer 2022; the only elm at Great Fontley to be so.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis

In research: Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Elm species and varieties, Flora of Japan, Taxa named by Alfred Rehder, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis in simple terms?

Why does Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Ulmus laciniata var. nikkoensis.