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Vasopressin receptor 2

Vasopressin receptor 2 is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Vasopressin receptor 2 rather than just read about it. In short: Vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R), or arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (officially called AVPR2), is a protein that acts as receptor for vasopressin. AVPR2 belongs to the subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors.

Vasopressin receptor 2 — main illustration
Vasopressin receptor 2 — illustration

Key takeaways

  • Vasopressin receptor 2 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Vasopressin receptor 2 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Vasopressin receptor 2 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R), or arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (officially called AVPR2), is a protein that acts as receptor for vasopressin. AVPR2 belongs to the subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by the Gs type of G proteins, which stimulate adenylate cyclase. AVPR2 is expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the membrane of cells of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer, the last two being associated with alternative splicing. AVPR2 is also expressed outside the kidney in vascular endothelium. Stimulation causes the release of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII from the endothelial cells. Because von Willebrand factor helps stabilize circulating levels of factor VIII, the vasopressin analog desmopressin can be used to stimulate the AVPR2 receptor and increase levels of circulating factor VIII. This is useful in the treatment of hemophilia A as well as Von Willebrand disease. In the kidney, AVPR2's primary property is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) results.

Ligands

Agonists Desmopressin LIT-001 LIT-002 TC OT 39 Vasopressin

Antagonists

Vasopressin receptor antagonists that are selective for the V2 receptor include:

Tolvaptan (FDA-approved) Lixivaptan Mozavaptan Satavaptan Their main uses are in hyponatremia, such as that caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and heart failure, however these agents should be avoided in patients with cirrhosis. Demeclocycline and lithium carbonate act as indirect antagonists of renal vasopressin V2 receptors by inhibiting activation of the second messenger cascade of the receptors.

Pharmacoperones Vasopressin receptor 2 function has been shown to be deleteriously effected by point mutations in its gene. Some of these mutations, when expressed, cause the receptor to remain in the cytosol. An approach to rescue receptor function utilizes pharmacoperones or molecular chaperones, which are typically small molecules that rescue misfolded proteins to the cell surface. These interact with the receptor to restore cognate receptor function devoid of antagonist or agonist activity. This approach, when effective, should increase therapeutic reach. Pharmacoperones have been identified that restore function of V2R.

Interactions Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 has been shown to interact with C1QTNF1.

References

Further reading

External links GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus "Symbol Report: AVPR2". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC). "Vasopressin and Oxytocin Receptors: V2". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Human AVPR2 genome location and AVPR2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P30518 (Vasopressin V2 receptor) at the PDBe-KB.

Illustrations

Vasopressin receptor 2 illustration
Vasopressin receptor 2 illustration
Vasopressin receptor 2 illustration
Vasopressin receptor 2 illustration

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Vasopressin receptor 2

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Vasopressin receptor 2 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Vasopressin receptor 2 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Vasopressin receptor 2 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Vasopressin receptor 2

In research
Vasopressin receptor 2 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Vasopressin receptor 2 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Vasopressin receptor 2 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics G protein-coupled receptors, Genes on human chromosome X, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Vasopressin receptor 2 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Vasopressin receptor 2 in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Vasopressin receptor 2 means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Vasopressin receptor 2 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Vasopressin receptor 2 in simple terms?

Vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R), or arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (officially called AVPR2), is a protein that acts as receptor for vasopressin. AVPR2 belongs to the subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors.

Why does Vasopressin receptor 2 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Vasopressin receptor 2?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Vasopressin receptor 2.

Tags

  • G protein-coupled receptors
  • Genes on human chromosome X

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