engineering

Vinorine synthase

Vinorine synthase is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Vinorine synthase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, a vinorine synthase (EC 2.3.1.160) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + 16-epivellosimine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + vinorine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and 16-epivellosimine, whereas its two products are CoA and vinorine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups oth…

Key takeaways

Vinorine synthase belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Vinorine synthase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Vinorine synthase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, a vinorine synthase (EC 2.3.1.160) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acetyl-CoA + 16-epivellosimine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + vinorine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and 16-epivellosimine, whereas its two products are CoA and vinorine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:16-epivellosimine O-acetyltransferase (cyclizing). This enzyme participates in indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthesis.

Structural studies As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code PDB: 2BGH.

References

Pfitzner A, Polz L, Stockligt J (1986). "Properties of vinorine synthase the Rauwolfia enzyme involved in the formation of the ajmaline skeleton". Z. Naturforsch. C: Biosci. 41 (1–2): 103–114. doi:10.1515/znc-1986-1-217. S2CID 9818274. Bayer A, Ma X, Stockigt J (2004). "Acetyltransfer in natural product biosynthesis--functional cloning and molecular analysis of vinorine synthase". Bioorg. Med. Chem. 12 (10): 2787–95. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2004.02.029. PMID 15110860. Stockigt J; Koepke, J; Bayer, A; Linhard, V; Fritzsch, G; Zhang, B; Michel, H; Stöckigt, J (2004). "Vinorine synthase from Rauvolfia: the first example of crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of an enzyme of the BAHD superfamily". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1701 (1–2): 129–32. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.06.011. PMID 15450182. Ma X, Koepke J, Panjikar S, Fritzsch G, Stockigt J (2005). "Crystal structure of vinorine synthase, the first representative of the BAHD superfamily". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (14): 13576–83. doi:10.1074/jbc.M414508200. PMID 15665331.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Vinorine synthase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Vinorine synthase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Vinorine synthase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Vinorine synthase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Vinorine synthase

In research: Vinorine synthase appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Vinorine synthase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Vinorine synthase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 2.3.1, EC 2.3 stubs, Enzymes of known structure, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Vinorine synthase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Vinorine synthase in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Vinorine synthase means in your own words.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Vinorine synthase in simple terms?

In enzymology, a vinorine synthase (EC 2.3.1.160) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + 16-epivellosimine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + vinorine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and 16-epivellosimine, whereas its two products are CoA and…

Why does Vinorine synthase matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Vinorine synthase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Vinorine synthase.