astronomy

Vladimir Obruchev

Vladimir Obruchev is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Vladimir Obruchev rather than just read about it. In short: Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (Russian: Влади́мир Афана́сьевич О́бручев; October 10 [O.S. September 28] 1863 – June 19, 1956) was a Russian and Soviet geologist who specialized in the study of Siberia and Central Asia.

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Reference excerpt

Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (Russian: Влади́мир Афана́сьевич О́бручев; October 10 [O.S. September 28] 1863 – June 19, 1956) was a Russian and Soviet geologist who specialized in the study of Siberia and Central Asia. He was also one of the first Russian science fiction authors.

Scientific research Vladimir Obruchev graduated from the Petersburg Mining Institute in 1886. His early work involved the study of gold-mining, which led him to come up with a theory explaining the origin of gold deposits in Siberia. He also gave advice on construction of the Central Asian and Trans-Siberian Railways and consulted Sven Hedin on his projected journey to Siberia. While working for the railway, Obruchev explored the Karakum Desert, the shores of the Amu Darya River, and the old riverbeds of the Uzbois. He also worked as a geologist on Lake Baikal, on the Lena River, and in gold fields near the Vitim. Between 1892 and 1894, Obruchev "was a member of the Grigory Potanin's expedition into ... Mongolia, [and] to the mountains of Nan Shan and Northern China." He also explored the Transbaikal area, Dzungaria, and Altai. Largely as a result of his participation in this expedition he became interested in loess and made considerable contributions to the study of loess deposits. In 1929, Obruchev was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Having spent half a century in exploring Siberia and Inner Asia, Obruchev summarized his findings with a three-volume monograph, The Geology of Siberia (1935–1938), followed by The History of Geological Exploration of Siberia. Many of his works deal with the origins of loess in Central Asia and Siberia, ice formation and permafrost in Siberia, problems of Siberian tectonics, and Siberian goldfields. He also authored many popular scientific works, such as Formation of Mountains and Ore Deposits (1932), Fundamentals of Geology (1944), Field Geology (1927), Ore Deposits (1928–1929), and others. All together, Obruchev authored

over a thousand scientific works, among which are a most extensive geological study of Siberia and a five-volume history of the geological exploration of Siberia, which have been awarded the Lenin Prize as well as the prizes and medals of several scientific societies.

He was the director of the Geological Institute (1930-1933) and the Permafrost Institute (1939-1956) of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. During 1954, he completed an extensive geographical study of Nan Shan Mountains in China based on his own and previous expeditions to the region and spent his last years working up a geological study of the mountains.

Works of fiction In his native country Obruchev is best known as the author of two perennially popular science fiction novels, Plutonia (Плутония, 1915) and Sannikov Land (Земля Санникова, 1924). Both of these stories, imitating the pattern of Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World, depict in vivid detail the discovery of an isolated world of prehistoric animals in hitherto unexplored large islands north of Alaska or Siberia. In Plutonia, dinosaurs and other Jurassic species are found in a fictional underground area north of Alaska. The descriptive passages are made more credible by Obruchev's extensive knowledge of paleontology. "Sannikov Land" is named for a phantom island of the Arctic Ocean, reported historically by Yakov Sannikov in 1811. Paul J. McAuley praised the novel in a 1999 column, saying "It's true that the characters are indistinguishably wooden mouthpieces for the author's opinions, and the plot is pure pulp, but all this is redeemed by the novel's rigorous scientific sensibility." During the Soviet period, Obruchev attempted to emulate Edwardian models of boys' adventure stories in his novels Golddiggers in the Desert (1928) and In the Wilds of Central Asia (1951).

Official positions Professor of the Tomsk Engineering Institute (1919–1921), Professor of the Tavrida University in Simferopol (1918–1919), Professor of the Moscow Mining Academy (1921–1929); Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1929); Chairman of the Committee on Permafrost Studies (since 1930); Director of the Institute of Permafrost Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (since 1939); Secretary of the Department of Geological and Geographical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1942–1946); Honorary president of the Soviet Geographical Society (since 1948)

Awards and honors The Przhevalsky Prize, 1894 Order of Saint Vladimir IV degree, 1895 Two Chikhachyov Prizes from the French Academy of Sciences (1898 and 1925) The Constantine Medal of the Russian Geographical Society (1900) Lenin Prize for the book Geologie von Sibirien (in German), 1926 The first ever Karpinsky Gold Medal (1947) The Stalin Prizes (1941, 1950) Orders of Lenin (1943, 1948, 1953) Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and numerous medals. Hero of Socialist Labour (1945)

Obruchev namesakes

Obruchevite, a mineral. Academician Obruchev's Range in Tuva A mountain in the upper reaches of the Vitim River An oasis in Antarctica Obruchev Hills, a group of rounded hills in Antarctica Obruchev (crater) on the Moon Mount Obruchev, a mountain in Antarctica The Obruchev Prize was established by the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1938 to honor best works in the field of Siberian geology. Vladimir Obruchev – oil and gas research vessel: built at Kirov shipyard, Khabarovsk; will operate in Caspian Sea.

Family Vladimir Vladimirovich Obruchev, geological economist Sergei Obruchev, a geologist, discovered the Chersky Range in Siberia. Dmitry Obruchev, a paleontologist, was a leading authority on early vertebrates.

Bibliography

Fundamentals Of Geology, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow. From Archive.org (1924) Plutoniya (Плутония); English translation: Plutonia (1957), Moscow: Raduga Publishers, ISBN 5-05-001691-6 (1926) Zemlya Sannikova (Земля Санникова); English translation: Sannikov Land (1988), Moscow: Raduga Publishers, ISBN 5-05-001690-8

References

External links

Vladimir Obruchev at IMDb Obruchev V. A. in Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Vladimir Obruchev

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Vladimir Obruchev claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Vladimir Obruchev before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Vladimir Obruchev ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Vladimir Obruchev

In research: Vladimir Obruchev appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Vladimir Obruchev in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Vladimir Obruchev is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1863 births, 1956 deaths, 20th-century Russian explorers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Vladimir Obruchev outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Vladimir Obruchev in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is Vladimir Obruchev in simple terms?

Why does Vladimir Obruchev matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Vladimir Obruchev?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Vladimir Obruchev.