chemistry

Volinanserin

Volinanserin is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Volinanserin rather than just read about it. In short: Volinanserin (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code MDL-100,907) is a highly selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist that is frequently used in scientific research to investigate the function of the 5-HT2A receptor. It was also tested in clinical trials as a potential antipsychotic, antidepressant, and treatment for insomnia but was never marketed.

Key takeaways

Volinanserin belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Volinanserin to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Volinanserin from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Volinanserin (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code MDL-100,907) is a highly selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist that is frequently used in scientific research to investigate the function of the 5-HT2A receptor. It was also tested in clinical trials as a potential antipsychotic, antidepressant, and treatment for insomnia but was never marketed. The drug reached phase 3 trials for schizophrenia and insomnia prior to the discontinuation of its development in the late 2000s. It is taken orally.

Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics The time to peak levels of volinanserin is 1 to 2.5 hours. The elimination half-life of volinanserin is 6.6 hours, with a range of 4.5 to 9.8 hours. However, cortical serotonin 5-HT2A receptor occupancy with volinanserin measured by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging lasts much longer than its circulating elimination half-life would imply.

Chemistry

Synthesis The synthesis of volinanserin has been reported. Beginning with protection of ethyl isonipecotate (1) with Boc anhydride gives ethyl N-Boc-4-piperidinecarboxylate (2). Ester-amide interchange with N-methoxymethylamine HCl in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) coupling agent gives 1-Boc-4-[methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl]piperidine (3). Weinreb ketone synthesis occurs upon benzoylation with 1,2-dimethoxybenzene (4) to give 1-Boc-4-(2,3-dimethoxybenzoyl)piperidine (5). Acid removal of the urethane protecting group gives (2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethanone (6). The reduction of the ketone with sodium borohydride leads to (2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethanol (7). Resolution of the alcohol gives (8). SN2 alkylation of the secondary nitrogen with 4-fluorophenethyl bromide (9) completes the synthesis of volinanserin (10).

See also Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist List of investigational antipsychotics List of investigational insomnia drugs Eplivanserin/volinanserin Glemanserin Pruvanserin Roluperidone Lenperone Lidanserin Ketanserin Ritanserin Eplivanserin Pimavanserin 4F-4PP

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Volinanserin

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Volinanserin claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Volinanserin before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Volinanserin ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Volinanserin

In research: Volinanserin appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Volinanserin in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Volinanserin is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 4-Fluorophenyl compounds, 5-HT2A antagonists, Abandoned drugs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Volinanserin outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Volinanserin in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Volinanserin means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Volinanserin out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Volinanserin in simple terms?

Why does Volinanserin matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Volinanserin?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Volinanserin.