The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (a.k.a. Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. The list is frequently used by countries to help develop their own local lists of essential medicines. As of 2016, more than 155 countries have created national lists of essential medicines based on the World Health Organization's model list. This includes both developed and developing countries. The list is divided into core items and complementary items. The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources. The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower benefit–cost ratio. About 25% of items are in the complementary list. Some medications are listed as both core and complementary. While most medications on the list are available as generic products, being under patent does not prevent inclusion. The first list was published in 1977 and included 208 medications. The WHO updates the list every two years. There are 306 medications in the 14th list in 2005, 410 in the 19th list in 2015, 433 in the 20th list in 2017, 460 in the 21st list in 2019, and 479 in the 22nd list in 2021. Various national lists contain between 334 and 580 medications. The Essential Medicines List (EML) was updated in September 2025 to its 24th edition. The list contains recommendations for 523 medications. A separate list for children up to twelve years of age, known as the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc), was created in 2007, and is in its 10th edition. It was created to make sure that the needs of children were systematically considered such as availability of proper formulations. Everything in the children's list is also included in the main list. The list and notes are based on the 19th to 24th edition of the main list. Therapeutic alternatives with similar clinical performance are listed for some medicines and they may be considered for national essential medicines lists. The 10th Essential Medicines List for Children was updated in September 2025. Note: An α indicates a medicine is on the complementary list.
Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines and medical gases
General anaesthetics and oxygen
Inhalational medicines Isoflurane Nitrous oxide Oxygen Sevoflurane
Injectable medicines Ketamine Propofol
Local anaesthetics Bupivacaine Lidocaine Lidocaine/epinephrine (lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline)) Complementary:
Ephedrineα
Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures Atropine Midazolam Morphine
Medical gases Oxygen
Medicines for pain and palliative care
Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Ibuprofen Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Opioid analgesics Codeine Fentanyl Morphine Complementary:
Methadoneα
Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care Amitriptyline Cyclizine Dexamethasone Diazepam Docusate sodium Fluoxetine Haloperidol Hyoscine butylbromide Hyoscine hydrobromide Lactulose Loperamide Metoclopramide Midazolam Ondansetron Senna
Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis Dexamethasone Epinephrine (adrenaline) Hydrocortisone Loratadine Prednisolone
Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings
Non-specific Charcoal, activated
Specific Acetylcysteine Atropine Calcium gluconate Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue) Naloxone Penicillamine Potassium ferric hexacyano-ferrate(II) -2H2O (prussian blue) Sodium nitrite Sodium thiosulfate Complementary:
Deferoxamineα Dimercaprolα Fomepizoleα Sodium calcium edetateα Succimerα
Medicines for neurological disorders
Medicines for central nervous system disorders
Antiseizure medicines Carbamazepine Diazepam Lamotrigine Levetiracetam Lorazepam Magnesium sulfate Midazolam Phenobarbital Phenytoin Valproic acid (sodium valproate) Complementary:
Ethosuximideα Levetiracetamα Valproic acid (sodium valproate)α
Medicines for multiple sclerosis Complementary:
Cladribineα Glatiramer acetateα Rituximabα
Medicines for parkinsonism Biperiden Levodopa/carbidopa (levodopa + carbidopa)
Medicines for cerebral palsy Baclofen
Medicines for headache disorders
Medicines for acute migraine attacks Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Ibuprofen Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Sumatriptan
Medicines for migraine prophylaxis Propranolol
Medicines for cluster headache Prednisolone Sumatriptan Verapamil
Medicines for central nervous system infections
Medicines for bacterial central nervous system infections Amoxicillin Ampicillin Benzylpenicillin Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Chloramphenicol Gentamicin Complementary:
Meropenemα
Medicines for viral central nervous system infections Aciclovir
Medicines for peripheral nervous system disorders
Medicines for Guillain-Barré syndrome Complementary:
Normal immunoglobulinα
Medicines for myasthenia gravis Neostigmine Complementary:
Pyridostigmineα
Anti-infective medicines
Anthelminthics
Intestinal anthelminthics
Albendazole Ivermectin Levamisole Mebendazole Niclosamide Praziquantel Pyrantel
Antifilarials Albendazole Diethylcarbamazine Ivermectin
Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines Praziquantel Triclabendazole Complementary:
Oxamniquineα
Cysticidal medicines Complementary:
Albendazoleα Mebendazoleα Praziquantelα
Antibacterials
Access group antibiotics This group includes antibiotics that have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups.
Amikacin Amoxicillin Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) Ampicillin Benzathine benzylpenicillin Benzylpenicillin Cefalexin Cefazolin Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Cloxacillin Doxycycline Gentamicin Metronidazole Nitrofurantoin Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) Procaine benzylpenicillin Spectinomycin Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim) Trimethoprim
Watch group antibiotics This group includes antibiotic classes that have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents among the Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine and/or antibiotics that are at relatively high risk of selection of bacterial resistance.
Azithromycin Cefixime Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Cefuroxime Ciprofloxacin Clarithromycin Piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam) Vancomycin Complementary:
Ceftazidimeα Meropenemα Vancomycinα
Reserve group antibiotics This group includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections due to multi-drug-resistant organisms. Complementary:
Cefiderocolα Ceftazidime/avibactam (ceftazidime + avibactam)α Ceftolozane/tazobactam (ceftolozane + tazobactam)α Colistinα Fosfomycinα Linezolidα Meropenem/vaborbactam (meropenem + vaborbactam)α Plazomicinα Polymyxin Bα
Antileprosy medicines Clofazimine Dapsone Rifampicin
Antituberculosis medicines
Amikacin Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) Bedaquiline Clofazimine Cycloserine Delamanid Ethambutol Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin) Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin) Ethionamide Isoniazid Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin) Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin) Isoniazid/rifapentine (isoniazid + rifapentine) Levofloxacin Linezolid Meropenem Moxifloxacin P-aminosalicylic acid (p-aminosalicylate sodium) Pretomanid Pyrazinamide Rifabutin Rifampicin Rifapentine Streptomycin
Antifungal medicines Amphotericin B Clotrimazole Fluconazole Flucytosine Griseofulvin Itraconazole Nystatin Voriconazole Complementary:
Micafunginα Potassium iodideα
Antiviral medicines
Antiherpes medicines Aciclovir
Antiretrovirals
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors Abacavir Lamivudine Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Zidovudine
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Efavirenz Nevirapine
Protease inhibitors Atazanavir/ritonavir (atazanavir + ritonavir) Darunavir Lopinavir/ritonavir (lopinavir + ritonavir) Ritonavir
Integrase inhibitors Dolutegravir Raltegravir
Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine (abacavir + dolutegravir + lamivudine) Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine) Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (dolutegravir + lamivudine + tenofovir) Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir (efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir) Emtricitabine/tenofovir (emtricitabine + tenofovir) Lamivudine/zidovudine (lamivudine + zidovudine)
Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (isoniazid + pyridoxine + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
Other antivirals Valganciclovir Complementary:
Oseltamivirα Valganciclovirα
Antihepatitis medicines
Medicines for hepatitis B
Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors Entecavir Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Medicines for hepatitis C
Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations Daclatasvir Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (daclatasvir + sofosbuvir) Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir) Ravidasvir Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir)
Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)
Other antivirals for hepatitis C Ribavirin
Antiprotozoal medicines
Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines Diloxanide Metronidazole
Antileishmaniasis medicines Amphotericin B Meglumine antimoniate Miltefosine Paromomycin Sodium stibogluconate
Antimalarial medicines
Medicines for curative treatment Artemether Artemether/lumefantrine (artemether + lumefantrine) Artesunate Artesunate/amodiaquine (artesunate + amodiaquine) Artesunate/mefloquine (artesunate + mefloquine) Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate (artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate) Artesunate + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged) Chloroquine Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate) Primaquine Quinine
Medicines for chemoprevention Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged) Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)
Medicines for chemoprophylaxis in travellers Chloroquine Doxycycline Mefloquine
Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines Pyrimethamine Sulfadiazine Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim) Complementary:
Pentamidineα
Antitrypanosomal medicines
African trypanosomiasis Fexinidazole
Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis Pentamidine Suramin sodium
Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis Eflornithine Melarsoprol Nifurtimox Complementary:
Melarsoprolα
American trypanosomiasis Benznidazole Nifurtimox
Medicines for ectoparasitic infections Ivermectin
Medicines for Ebola virus disease Ansuvimab Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab (atoltivimab + maftivimab + odesivimab)
Medicines for COVID-19 No listings in this section.
Medicines for cystic fibrosis Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (elexacaftor + tezacaftor + ivacaftor) Ivacaftor Complementary:
Pancreatic enzymesα
Immunomodulators and antineoplastics
Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease Complementary:
Adalimumabα Azathioprineα Ciclosporinα Tacrolimusα
Antineoplastics and supportive medicines
Cytotoxic medicines Complementary:
Arsenic trioxideα Asparaginaseα Bendamustineα Bleomycinα Calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium)α Capecitabineα Carboplatinα Chlorambucilα Cisplatinα Cyclophosphamideα Cytarabineα Dacarbazineα Dactinomycinα Daunorubicinα Docetaxelα Doxorubicinα Doxorubicin (as pegylated liposomal)α Etoposideα Fludarabineα Fluorouracilα Gemcitabineα Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)α Ifosfamideα Irinotecanα Melphalanα Mercaptopurineα Methotrexateα Oxaliplatinα Paclitaxelα Pegaspargaseα Procarbazineα Realgar Indigo naturalis formulationα Tioguanineα Vinblastineα Vincristineα Vinorelbineα
Targeted therapies Complementary:
All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) (ATRA)α Bortezomibα Dasatinibα Erlotinibα Everolimusα Ibrutinibα Imatinibα Nilotinibα Rituximabα Trastuzumabα
Immunomodulators Complementary:
Blinatumomabα Filgrastimα Lenalidomideα Pegfilgrastimα Pembrolizumabα Pembrolizumabα Pembrolizumabα Thalidomideα
Hormones and antihormones Complementary:
Abirateroneα Anastrozoleα Bicalutamideα Dexamethasoneα Hydrocortisoneα Leuprorelinα Methylprednisoloneα Prednisoloneα Tamoxifenα
Supportive medicines Complementary:
Allopurinolα Mesnaα Rasburicaseα Zoledronic acidα
Therapeutic foods Ready-to-use therapeutic food
Medicines affecting the blood
Antianaemia medicines Ferrous salt Ferrous salt/folic acid (ferrous salt + folic acid) Folic acid Hydroxocobalamin Complementary:
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agentsα
Medicines affecting coagulation Dabigatran Desmopressin Emicizumab Enoxaparin Heparin sodium Phytomenadione Protamine sulfate Tranexamic acid Warfarin Complementary:
Heparin sodiumα Protamine sulfateα Warfarinα
Medicines for haemoglobinopathies
Medicines for sickle-cell disease Deferasirox Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) Complementary:
Deferoxamineα
Medicines for thalassaemias Deferasirox Complementary:
Deferoxamineα
Blood products, coagulation factors and plasma substitutes
Blood and blood components Cryoprecipitate, pathogen-reduced Fresh frozen plasma Platelets Red blood cells Whole blood
Human immunoglobulins Anti-D immunoglobulin Anti-rabies immunoglobulin Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin Complementary:
Normal immunoglobulinα
Coagulation factors Coagulation factor VIII, plasma-derived Coagulation factor IX, plasma-derived Coagulation factor VIII, recombinant Coagulation factor IX, recombinant
Plasma substitutes Dextran 70
Cardiovascular medicines
Antianginal medicines Bisoprolol Glyceryl trinitrate Isosorbide dinitrate Verapamil
Antiarrhythmic medicines Bisoprolol Digoxin Epinephrine (adrenaline) Lidocaine Verapamil Complementary:
Amiodaroneα
Antihypertensive medicines Amlodipine Bisoprolol Enalapril Hydralazine Hydrochlorothiazide Lisinopril/amlodipine (lisinopril + amlodipine) Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide) Losartan Methyldopa Perindopril/amlodipine/indapamide (perindopril + amlodipine + indapamide) Telmisartan/amlodipine (telmisartan + amlodipine) Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide (telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide) Valsartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide (valsartan + amlodipine + hydrochlorothiazide) Complementary:
Sodium nitroprussideα
Medicines used in heart failure Bisoprolol Digoxin Enalapril Furosemide Hydrochlorothiazide Losartan Spironolactone Complementary:
Digoxinα Dopamineα
Antithrombotic medicines
Anti-platelet medicines Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Clopidogrel
Thrombolytic medicines Complementary:
Alteplaseα Streptokinaseα
Lipid-lowering agents Simvastatin
Fixed-dose combinations of various agents for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (also referred to as "polypills") The first patent, Liang MH, Manson JE. (US Patent No. 6,576,256) [“Polypill”]. Treatment of patients at Elevated Cardiovascular Risk with a Combination of a Cholesterol Lowering Agent, an Inhibitor of the Renin-Angiotensin System, and Aspirin, submitted 2001; awarded and assigned to Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 2003.
Acetylsalicylic acid/atorvastatin/ramipril (acetylsalicylic acid + atorvastatin + ramipril) Acetylsalicylic acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide (acetylsalicylic acid + simvastatin + ramipril + atenolol + hydrochlorothiazide) Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine (atorvastatin + perindopril + amlodipine)
Dermatological medicines
Antifungal medicines Miconazole Selenium sulfide Sodium thiosulfate Terbinafine
Anti-infective medicines Mupirocin Potassium permanganate Silver sulfadiazine
Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines Betamethasone Calamine Hydrocortisone
Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation Benzoyl peroxide Calcipotriol Coal tar Fluorouracil Podophyllum resin Salicylic acid Urea Complementary:
Adalimumabα Methotrexateα Ustekinumabα
Scabicides and pediculicides Benzyl benzoate Permethrin
Moisturizers Urea Glycerol
Sunscreens, broad-spectrum Sunscreen, broad-spectrum
Diagnostic agents
Ophthalmic medicines Fluorescein Tropicamide
Radiocontrast media Amidotrizoate Barium sulfate Iohexol Complementary:
Barium sulfateα Meglumine iotroxateα
Antiseptics and disinfectants
Antiseptics Chlorhexidine Ethanol Povidone iodine
Disinfectants Alcohol based hand rub Chlorine base compound Chloroxylenol Glutaral Hypochlorous acid
Diuretics Amiloride Furosemide Hydrochlorothiazide Mannitol Spironolactone Complementary:
Hydrochlorothiazideα Mannitolα Spironolactoneα
Gastrointestinal medicines Complementary:
Pancreatic enzymesα
Antiulcer medicines Omeprazole Ranitidine
Antiemetic medicines Dexamethasone Metoclopramide Ondansetron Complementary:
Aprepitantα
Anti-inflammatory medicines Sulfasalazine Complementary:
Hydrocortisoneα Prednisoloneα
Laxatives Senna
Medicines used in diarrhea Oral rehydration salts + zinc sulfate (Co-packaged)
Oral rehydration Oral rehydration salts
Medicines for diarrhoea Zinc sulfate
Medicines for endocrine disorders
Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes Fludrocortisone Hydrocortisone Prednisolone
Androgens Complementary:
Testosteroneα
Estrogens No listings in this section.
Progestogens Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Medicines for diabetes
Insulins Insulin (analogue, long-acting) Insulin (analogue, rapid-acting) Insulin (human, intermediate-acting) Insulin (human, short-acting)
Hypoglycaemic agents Empagliflozin Gliclazide Metformin Semaglutide Complementary:
Metforminα
Medicines for hypoglycaemia Glucagon Complementary:
Diazoxideα
Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines Levothyroxine Potassium iodide Methimazole Propylthiouracil Complementary:
Iodine + potassium iodide (Lugol's solution)α Methimazoleα Potassium iodideα Propylthiouracilα
Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system Cabergoline Complementary:
Octreotideα
Immunologicals
Diagnostic agents Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)
Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies Antivenom immunoglobulin Diphtheria antitoxin Equine rabies immunoglobulin
Vaccines
BCG vaccine Cholera vaccine Dengue vaccine Diphtheria vaccine Ebola vaccine Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine Hepatitis A vaccine Hepatitis B vaccine Hepatitis E vaccine Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine Influenza vaccine (seasonal) Japanese encephalitis vaccine Malaria vaccine Measles vaccine Meningococcal meningitis vaccine Mpox vaccine Mumps vaccine Pertussis vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine Poliomyelitis vaccine Rabies vaccine Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine Rotavirus vaccine Rubella vaccine Tetanus vaccine Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine Typhoid vaccine Varicella vaccine Yellow fever vaccine
Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors Atracurium Neostigmine Suxamethonium Vecuronium Complementary:
Pyridostigmineα Vecuroniumα
Ophthalmological preparations
Anti-infective agents Aciclovir Azithromycin Erythromycin Gentamicin Natamycin Ofloxacin Tetracycline
Anti-inflammatory agents Prednisolone
Local anaesthetics Tetracaine
Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines Acetazolamide Latanoprost Pilocarpine Timolol
Mydriatics Atropine Complementary:
Epinephrine (adrenaline)α
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations Complementary:
Bevacizumabα
Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care
Contraceptives
Oral hormonal contraceptives
Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel) Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (ethinylestradiol + norethisterone) Levonorgestrel Ulipristal
Injectable hormonal contraceptives
Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate) Medroxyprogesterone acetate Norethisterone enantate
Intrauterine devices Copper-containing device Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
Barrier methods Condoms Diaphragms
Implantable contraceptives Etonogestrel-releasing implant Levonorgestrel-releasing implant
Intravaginal contraceptives Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel (ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel) Progesterone vaginal ring
Ovulation inducers Complementary:
Clomifeneα Letrozoleα
Uterotonics Carbetocin Ergometrine Misoprostol Oxytocin
Medicines for medical abortion Mifepristone + misoprostol (Co-packaged) Misoprostol
Antioxytocics (tocolytics) Nifedipine
Other medicines administered to the mother Dexamethasone Multiple micronutrient supplement Tranexamic acid
Medicines administered to the neonate Caffeine citrate Chlorhexidine Complementary:
Alprostadil (prostaglandin E1)α Beractantα Ibuprofenα Poractant alfaα
Peritoneal dialysis solution Complementary:
Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition in accordance with local clinical guidelines.)α
Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders
Medicines used in psychotic disorders Fluphenazine Haloperidol Olanzapine Paliperidone Risperidone Complementary:
Clozapineα
Medicines used in mood disorders
Medicines used in depressive disorders Amitriptyline Fluoxetine
Medicines used in bipolar disorders Carbamazepine Lithium carbonate Quetiapine Valproic acid (sodium valproate)
Medicines for anxiety disorders Diazepam Fluoxetine
Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders Clomipramine Fluoxetine
Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use
Medicines for alcohol use disorders Acamprosate calcium Naltrexone
Medicines for nicotine use disorders Bupropion Cytisine (cytisinicline) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) Varenicline
Medicines for opioid use disorders Complementary:
Methadoneα
Medicines acting on the respiratory tract
Antiasthmatic medicines and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Budesonide Budesonide/formoterol (budesonide + formoterol) Epinephrine (adrenaline) Ipratropium bromide Salbutamol Tiotropium
Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances
Oral Oral rehydration salts Potassium chloride
Parenteral Glucose Glucose with sodium chloride Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sodium lactate, compound solution (Ringer's lactate solution)
Miscellaneous Water for injection
Vitamins and minerals Ascorbic acid Calcium Cholecalciferol Ergocalciferol Iodine Multiple micronutrient powder Nicotinamide Pyridoxine Retinol Riboflavin Thiamine Complementary:
Calcium gluconateα
Ear, nose and throat medicines Acetic acid Budesonide Ciprofloxacin Xylometazoline
Medicines for diseases of joints
Medicines used to treat gout Allopurinol
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) Chloroquine Complementary:
Azathioprineα Hydroxychloroquineα Methotrexateα Penicillamineα Sulfasalazineα
Medicines for juvenile joint diseases Complementary:
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Adalimumabα Methotrexateα Triamcinolone hexacetonideα
Dental medicines and preparations Fluoride Glass ionomer cement Resin-based composite (low-viscosity) Resin-based composite (high-viscosity) Silver diamine fluoride
Notes An α indicates the medicine is on the complementary list for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring or training is needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or a less attractive cost-benefit ratio.
References
Further reading Serafini M, Cargnin S, Massarotti A, Pirali T, Genazzani AA (September 2020). "Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Essential Medicines". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 63 (18): 10170–10187. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00415. PMC 8007110. PMID 32352778. Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR, eds. (2009). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 978-92-4-154765-9. The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2015. hdl:10665/189763. ISBN 978-92-4-069494-1. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series; no. 994. The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2017 (including the 20th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 6th Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2017. hdl:10665/259481. ISBN 978-92-4-121015-7. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series; no. 1006. The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, 2019 (including the 21st WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 7th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. hdl:10665/330668. ISBN 978-92-4-121030-0. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series;1021. Organization WH (2019). "Additions and deletions of medicines on the WHO model lists of essential medicines: 1977–2017". World Health Organization. hdl:10665/278038. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.01.
External links
Official website eEML - Electronic Essential Medicines List