computer science

WS-Management

WS-Management is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand WS-Management rather than just read about it. In short: WS-Management (Web Services-Management) is a DMTF open standard defining a SOAP-based protocol for the management of servers, devices, applications and various Web services. WS-Management provides a common way for systems to access and exchange management information across the IT infrastructure.

Key takeaways

WS-Management belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect WS-Management to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of WS-Management from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

WS-Management (Web Services-Management) is a DMTF open standard defining a SOAP-based protocol for the management of servers, devices, applications and various Web services. WS-Management provides a common way for systems to access and exchange management information across the IT infrastructure.

Design The specification is based on DMTF open standards and Internet standards for Web services. The specification is quite rich, supporting much more than get/set of simple variables, and in that it is closer to WBEM or Netconf than to SNMP. A mapping of the DMTF-originated Common Information Model into WS-Management was also defined.

History WS-Management was originally developed by a coalition of vendors. The coalition started with AMD, Dell, Intel, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems and expanded to a total of 13 members before being subsumed by the DMTF in 2005. The DMTF published the Web Services for Management (WS-Management) Specification as standards document DSP0226, version 1.2, on September 30, 2014.

Implementations and application support Microsoft has implemented the WS-Management standard in Windows Remote Management 1.1 (WinRM), available for Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. Using WS-Management (WinRM 2.0), Windows PowerShell 2.0 allows scripts and cmdlets to be invoked on a remote machine or a large set of remote machines. WinRM 2.0 for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 was released on Oct 26, 2009. WinRM 3.0 for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 was released on Sept 4 2012 and shipped in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. A European research project (ITEA 2 programme, a strategic pan-European programme for advanced pre-competitive R&D in Software-intensive Systems and Services), named SODA (Service Oriented Device and Delivery Architecture) developed several implementations of WS-Management in ANSI C, Java, and for OSGi. These implementations are specifically targeted to be used with an open SOAP web service protocol stack named DPWS (Devices Profile for Web Services), and were optimized to be integrated in micro-devices with only 100kB of memory. These implementations are free software, licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), and their source code is freely available for download. Intel Active Management Technology, an out-of-band management suite, uses WS-Management as the out-of-band management protocol. OpenNMS, an open-source network management platform, includes a pure-Java WS-Management client library. This library enables WS-Management as a management protocol in OpenNMS. By default WinRM HTTP uses port 80 and HTTPS uses port 443. On Windows 7 and higher the default ports are 5985 and 5986, respectively.

References

External links WS-Management specifications Openwsman: Open-source implementation of WS-Management WinRM (Windows Remote Management): a Microsoft Windows implementation of WS-Management Protocol based on SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with WS-Management

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what WS-Management claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to WS-Management before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about WS-Management ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of WS-Management

In research: WS-Management appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses WS-Management in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: WS-Management is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Computer standards, DMTF standards, Network management, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for WS-Management outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study WS-Management in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what WS-Management means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain WS-Management out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is WS-Management in simple terms?

Why does WS-Management matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study WS-Management?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on WS-Management.