biology

WWC1

WWC1 is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand WWC1 rather than just read about it. In short: Protein KIBRA also known as kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA) or WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WWC1 gene. Research on human memory A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17070145) in the gene has been associated with human memory performance and cognitive ability in various studies since 2006.

Key takeaways

WWC1 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect WWC1 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of WWC1 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Protein KIBRA also known as kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA) or WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WWC1 gene.

Research on human memory A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17070145) in the gene has been associated with human memory performance and cognitive ability in various studies since 2006. While no significant support for KIBRA's association with memory was found in a 2008 study with 584 subjects, the original 2006 study was replicated in a smaller sample of an elderly population in 2008. Two subsequent studies in 2009 in indicated that KIBRA is specifically associated with forgetting of non-semantic material as well as cognitive flexibility among smokers and non-smokers. KIBRA SNPs have been shown to increase hippocampal volume and affect spatial ability and scientific achievement. Studies have also begun to investigate the role of KIBRA in Alzheimer's disease.

Interactions KIBRA has at least 10 interaction partners, including synaptopodin, PKCζ and Dendrin, most of which modify synaptic plasticity. For instance, Dendrin is a post-synaptic protein with expression regulated by sleep deprivation. KIBRA has been shown to interact with Protein kinase Mζ.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with WWC1

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what WWC1 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to WWC1 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about WWC1 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of WWC1

In research: WWC1 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses WWC1 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: WWC1 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Genes on human chromosome 5, Human chromosome 5 gene stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for WWC1 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study WWC1 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what WWC1 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain WWC1 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is WWC1 in simple terms?

Protein KIBRA also known as kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA) or WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WWC1 gene. Research on human memory A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17070145) in the gene has been associated with human memory performan…

Why does WWC1 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study WWC1?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on WWC1.