physics

Western Goals Foundation

Western Goals Foundation is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Western Goals Foundation rather than just read about it. In short: Western Goals Foundation was a private domestic intelligence agency active in the United States. It was founded in 1979 by Major General John K.

Key takeaways

Western Goals Foundation belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Western Goals Foundation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Western Goals Foundation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Western Goals Foundation was a private domestic intelligence agency active in the United States. It was founded in 1979 by Major General John K. Singlaub, the publisher and spy John H. Rees, and Congressman Larry McDonald. It went defunct in 1986 when the Tower Commission revealed it had been part of Oliver North's Iran–Contra funding network.

History After the Watergate and COINTELPRO scandals of the early 1970s, several laws were passed to restrict police intelligence gathering within political organizations and tried to make it necessary to demonstrate that a criminal act was likely to be uncovered by any intelligence gathering proposed. Many files on radicals, collected for decades, were ordered destroyed. The unintended effect of the laws was to privatize the files in the hands of 'retired' intelligence officers and their operatives. As a private foundation, Western Goals collected information about alleged subversives and passed the information to law enforcement officials, akin to a "mini-deep state". According to former employees, agencies receiving information from Western Goals included the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Central Intelligence Agency, and police departments. John Rees and Larry McDonald joined with Major General Singlaub to form Western Goals in 1979. Each founder was also a member of the World Anti-Communist League, the John Birch Society, and similar organizations. One of its principal sponsors was the Texan billionaire Nelson Bunker Hunt. In 1983, LAPD Detective Jay Paul was under investigation for allegedly leaking LAPD Public Disorder Intelligence Division intelligence to the right-wing group Western Goals Foundation. An internal investigation confirmed that Paul kept PDID files at his home garage in Long Beach. Paul was suspended, but later reinstated with back pay, as his actions were sanctioned by his supervisors. The organization was based in a townhouse in Alexandria, Virginia. It also said it had offices in West Germany and Austria. A former employee told Politico in 2018 that more of its funding came from West Germany than the United States. Rees set up a computer database to track suspected radicals, and wrote many of Western Goals' published reports about domestic subversives, terrorism and communist threats. People in law enforcement sometimes leaked derogatory intelligence to Western Goals, which Rees then published in newsletters, which in turn were entered into the Congressional Record by McDonald, which shielded him from libel. Western Goals would then cite McDonald's statements in its own public reports. Unverified reports by Western Goals accusing American pacifist groups of ties to communism and the Soviet Union were also publicized in Reader's Digest and by the Reagan administration. Western Goals was sued by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) after a police officer was caught adding information from the disbanded Los Angeles Police Department "Red Squad" to a related computer bulletin board system. Western Goals raised funds for the Nicaraguan Contras starting in 1983, after Congress banned the Reagan administration from providing U.S. support. A Contra brigade of 2,000 was named the Larry McDonald Task Force to honor the Western Goals co-founder, who had been killed in the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007. Singlaub was an intermediary in Oliver North’s illegal weapons network for the Contras. Officials of the foundation were questioned in the Iran-Contra hearings of 1986. The organization founded an offshoot, Western Goals (UK), later the Western Goals Institute, which was briefly influential in British Conservative politics.

Advisory board and directors

Bibliography

Books Ally Betrayed: Nicaragua (1980). Foreword by U.S. Ambassador Earl E. T. Smith. U.S. ed. postscript by Turner B. Shelton. Nicaragua ed. postscript by Francisco Urcuyo Maliaños. 112 pages. OCLC 66786515. Ally Betrayed: The Republic of China (1982), by David Nelson Rowe. Foreword by Anthony Kubek. Afterword by Patricia Hurley. 107 pages. OCLC 644322258. Ally Betrayed: The Republic of Korea (1982), by David Nelson Rowe. Foreword by Major General John K. Singlaub. Postscript by Congressman Bob Stump. 106 pages. OCLC 652330485. Red Tide Rising in the Carolinas (1980). 26 pages. OCLC 7009264. Broken Seals: A Western Goals Foundation Report on the Attempts to Destroy the Foreign and Domestic Intelligence Capabilities of the U.S. (1980). Introduction by Congressman John M. Ashbrook. Afterword by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham. 110 pages.OCLC 221152534. Red Locusts: Soviet Support for Terrorism in South Africa (1981). Foreword by U.S. Senator Jesse Helms. Postscript by Ambassador Marion Smoak. Soviet Active Measures Against the United States (1984). 120 pages.

Films No Place to Hide: The Strategy and Tactics of Terrorism (1982). Written, produced, and hosted by G. Edward Griffin. Directed by Dick Quincer. 58 min. OCLC 729257054. Transcript OCLC 54865096. The Subversion Factor: A History of Treason in Modern America (1983). Written and hosted by G. Edward Griffin. 120 min. OCLC 36968013. Transcript OCLC 34702813. Part 1: Moles in High Places. Part 2: The Open Gates of Troy.

See also John Birch Society Western Goals Institute Western Islands (publisher) World Anti-Communist League

Further reading Berlet, Chip (Summer 1985). "Private Spies". Shmate: A Journal of Progressive Jewish Thought, no. 11/12. Berlet, Chip (Deb. 2, 1993). "How Government Intelligence Agencies and Private Right-wing Counter-subversion Groups Forge Ad Hoc Covert Spy Networks that Target Dissidents as Outlaws".[link removed] Political Research Associates. Manzione, Elton (Summer 1985). "The Private Spy Agency". National Reporter. pp. 34–39.

References

External links Western Goals at Powerbase.info Western Goals at Militarist Monitor Works published by Western Goals at WorldCat

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Western Goals Foundation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Western Goals Foundation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Western Goals Foundation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Western Goals Foundation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Western Goals Foundation

In research: Western Goals Foundation appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Western Goals Foundation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Western Goals Foundation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1979 establishments in the United States, 1986 disestablishments in the United States, Anti-communist organizations in the United States, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Western Goals Foundation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Western Goals Foundation in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Western Goals Foundation means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Western Goals Foundation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Western Goals Foundation in simple terms?

Western Goals Foundation was a private domestic intelligence agency active in the United States. It was founded in 1979 by Major General John K.

Why does Western Goals Foundation matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Western Goals Foundation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Western Goals Foundation.